T\u0259qvim – ilk bax\u0131\u015fda vaxt\u0131 hesablamaq he\u00e7 d\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin deyil. Amma diqq\u0259tl\u0259 fikir ver\u0259nd\u0259 bu, he\u00e7 d\u0259 asan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 deyil. \u0130l Yerin \u00f6z orbiti \u00fczr\u0259 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f \u0259traf\u0131nda tam bir d\u00f6vr\u0259 vurdu\u011fu vaxtd\u0131r. Astronomlar hesablay\u0131blar ki, bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t 365 sutka 5 saat 48 d\u0259q 46 saniy\u0259dir. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bir ild\u0259ki sutkalar\u0131n say\u0131 tam olsayd\u0131 daha yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131. \u00c7\u0259tinlik d\u0259 bir ild\u0259ki sutkalar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n tam olmamas\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n\u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 vaxt\u0131n hesablanmas\u0131na qayda-qanun g\u0259tir\u0259n b.e.\u0259. I \u0259srd\u0259 Roma imperatoru Y. Sezar olmu\u015fdur. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 ona \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259riyy\u0259li astronom Sozigen k\u00f6m\u0259k etmi\u015fdir.
\nY. Sezar\u0131n t\u0259qvimin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259r 4 ild\u0259n 3-\u00fc 365 g\u00fcn (q\u0131sa il), 1-i 366 g\u00fcn (uzun il) olurdu. Sezar t\u0259qvimind\u0259 ilin orta uzunlu\u011fu 365 sutka 6 saat idi. Bu da bir ilin h\u0259qiqi uzunlu\u011fundan 11 d\u0259qiq\u0259 14 saniy\u0259 \u00e7ox idi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 art\u0131q XV \u0259srd\u0259 yeni ilin daxil olmas\u0131 astronomik yeni ild\u0259n 10 sutka geri qal\u0131rd\u0131.
\nN\u00f6vb\u0259ti T\u0259qvim islahat\u0131 Roma papas\u0131 XIII Qriqori t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildi. 1582-ci ild\u0259 h\u0259r ay\u0131n tarixi 10 g\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131), q\u0131sa v\u0259 uzun ill\u0259rin n\u00f6vb\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259si saxlan\u0131ld\u0131. Q\u0259rara ald\u0131lar ki, ill\u0259rin n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n hans\u0131 biri iki s\u0131f\u0131rla bitirs\u0259 v\u0259 y\u00fczl\u00fckl\u0259rin say\u0131 4-\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fcrs\u0259, o ili uzun il yox, q\u0131sa il hesab etsinl\u0259r. Bu t\u0259qvim\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1900-c\u00fc q\u0131sa il, 2000-ci il uzun il olmal\u0131d\u0131r (Halbuki 1900 v\u0259 2000 \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259ri 4-\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r iki il uzun il olmal\u0131 idi).
\n\u00c7ox maraql\u0131 T\u0259qvim orta Asiya riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fairi \u00d6m\u0259r X\u0259yyam (1048-1122) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259klif olunmu\u015fdur. Bu T\u0259qvim g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259r 32 ild\u0259n deyil, h\u0259r 33 ild\u0259n 8-i uzun il olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u00d6m\u0259r X\u0259yyama g\u00f6r\u0259 1 il =365 \u00b7 8\/33 sutkad\u0131r. Onun x\u0259tas\u0131 1 ild\u0259 c\u0259mi 19 saniy\u0259dir.
\n\u0130l v\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259n ba\u015fqa Yerd\u0259 daha bir sabit d\u00f6vri proses var. Bu, ay fazalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sidir. Bu \u0259sasda yarad\u0131lan T\u0259qvim bir il 12 aya b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130ndiy\u0259 kimi bir s\u0131ra m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n ay T\u0259qvim bu hadis\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: Misir M\u0259rdanov, Sabir Mirz\u0259yev, \u015eabala Sad\u0131qov, \u201cM\u0259kt\u0259blinin riyaziyyatdan izahl\u0131 l\u00fc\u011f\u0259ti\u201d kitab\u0131 , Bak\u0131 2016.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a9 B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlar qorunur. X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n www.imm.az sayt\u0131na istinad z\u0259ruridir.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u0259qvim – ilk bax\u0131\u015fda vaxt\u0131 hesablamaq he\u00e7 d\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin deyil. Amma diqq\u0259tl\u0259 fikir ver\u0259nd\u0259 bu, he\u00e7 d\u0259 asan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 deyil. \u0130l Yerin \u00f6z orbiti \u00fczr\u0259 G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f \u0259traf\u0131nda tam bir d\u00f6vr\u0259 vurdu\u011fu vaxtd\u0131r. Astronomlar hesablay\u0131blar ki, bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t 365 sutka 5 saat 48 d\u0259q 46 saniy\u0259dir. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bir ild\u0259ki sutkalar\u0131n say\u0131 tam olsayd\u0131 daha yax\u015f\u0131 olard\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13023"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13023"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13024,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13023\/revisions\/13024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}