– M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d a\u011fa \u015eahtaxtl\u0131 (1846-1931) kimdir?<\/p>\n
\u018flifba islahat\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun m\u0259sl\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131ndan Biridir. O, \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 \u0259lifba islahat\u0131 tarixind\u0259 ilk kitab\u0131 \u2013 \u201cT\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fmi\u015f m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259lifbeyi\u201dni 1879-cu ild\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n
\u015eaxtaxtl\u0131 (\u015eaxtaxinski) M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d a\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Ta\u011f\u0131 Sultan o\u011flu Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n \u015eaxtaxt\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Nax\u00e7\u0131van \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259bini v\u0259 Tiflis klassik ki\u015fi gimnaziyas\u0131n\u0131 (1863) bitirdikd\u0259n sonra, Peterburqda m\u00fcst\u0259qil yolla alman dilini \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Leypsiq universitetinin f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259, tarix v\u0259 h\u00fcquq fak\u00fclt\u0259sini bitirmi\u015fdir (1869). 1873-1875-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Parisd\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq dill\u0259ri m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259r dinl\u0259mi\u015f, frans\u0131z dilini \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Az\u0259rbaycan, rus, alman, frans\u0131z, ingilis, \u0259r\u0259b, t\u00fcrk v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi, elmi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1907-ci ild\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van quberniyas\u0131ndan II D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dumas\u0131na deputat se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, duma ba\u011fland\u0131qdan sonra \u201cRossiya\u201d (Peterburq) q\u0259zeti redaksiyas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. 1908-1918-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n, xaricd\u0259 (x\u00fcsusil\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, \u0130ran v\u0259 \u0130raqda) ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1919-cu ild\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 qay\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, Bak\u0131 Universitetinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda f\u0259al i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d a\u011fa \u015eaxtaxtl\u0131 \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn geni\u015f d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k intellekt\u0259 malik g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmu\u015fdur. Elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 Almaniyada \u015e\u0259rq tarixin\u0259 dair t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Beyn\u0259lxalq Fonetika C\u0259miyy\u0259ti (1899), Rusiya \u0130mperator Co\u011frafiya C\u0259miyy\u0259ti Qafqaz \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin (1903) h\u0259qiqi \u00fczv\u00fc se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, Bak\u0131 Universitetinin professoru (1920) olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259tbuat\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda da onun m\u00fcst\u0259sna xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. O, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u201cMoskovskiye vedomosti\u201d q\u0259zetinin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130stanbulda x\u00fcsusi m\u00fcxbiri i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f, 1891-1893-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cKaspi\u201d q\u0259zetinin m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti redaktoru olmu\u015fdur. 1898-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 \u201cTiflis\u201d adl\u0131 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, lakin \u00e7ar senzuras\u0131 buna icaz\u0259 verm\u0259mi\u015fdir. O, yenid\u0259n Avropaya getmi\u015f, 1902-ci ild\u0259 Parisd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Fransa kollecind\u0259 v\u0259 Ali t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq dill\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259rs demi\u015fdir. Sorbonna universitetind\u0259 professor P.Passinin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 fonetika sah\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat aparm\u0131\u015f, Fransa Maarif Nazirliyinin f\u0259xri diplomunu (1901) alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1902-ci ild\u0259 o, Tiflisd\u0259 m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259tbuat tarixind\u0259 silinm\u0259z iz qoymu\u015f \u201cQeyr\u0259t\u201d m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259si idi. 1903-c\u00fc ild\u0259n o, \u201c\u015e\u0259rqi-Rus\u201d q\u0259zetinin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq Cumhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 qay\u0131tm\u0131\u015f Bak\u0131 Universitetind\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq dill\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan m\u00fchazir\u0259l\u0259r oxumu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: Misir M\u0259rdanov. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n t\u0259hsil tarixi. \u201cT\u0259hsil\u201d n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 2011-ci il. Bak\u0131, I cild, 295 s.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a9 B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlar qorunur. X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n www.imm.az sayt\u0131na istinad z\u0259ruridir.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" – M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d a\u011fa \u015eahtaxtl\u0131 (1846-1931) kimdir? \u018flifba islahat\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovun m\u0259sl\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131ndan Biridir. O, \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 \u0259lifba islahat\u0131 tarixind\u0259 ilk kitab\u0131 \u2013 \u201cT\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fmi\u015f m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259lifbeyi\u201dni 1879-cu ild\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirmi\u015fdi. \u015eaxtaxtl\u0131 (\u015eaxtaxinski) M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d a\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Ta\u011f\u0131 Sultan o\u011flu Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n \u015eaxtaxt\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur. Nax\u00e7\u0131van \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259bini v\u0259 Tiflis klassik ki\u015fi gimnaziyas\u0131n\u0131 (1863) bitirdikd\u0259n sonra, Peterburqda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16121"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17277,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16121\/revisions\/17277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}