– XIX \u0259srd\u0259 v\u0259 XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 t\u0259hsil nec\u0259 idi?<\/p>\n
D\u0259rb\u0259ndin Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, y\u0259ni 1906-c\u0131 il\u0259d\u0259k \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hsil \u0259sas etibar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259 m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259ki ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi. XIII \u0259srd\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 olmu\u015f \u0259r\u0259b co\u011frafiya\u015funas\u0131 Z\u0259k\u0259riyy\u0259 \u0259l \u2013 Q\u0259zvini yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7oxlu qala, bu qalalarda is\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131qda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n ilahiyy\u0259ti \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r var. M\u0259scidl\u0259rd\u0259ki m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015fqa, b\u0259zi mollalar evl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b a\u00e7\u0131r, 10-20 \u015fagird\u0259 d\u0259rs verirdil\u0259r. M\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 o\u011flanlara v\u0259 q\u0131zlara ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda t\u0259lim ke\u00e7ilirdi. Q\u0131z m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 ancaq qad\u0131nlar, o\u011flan m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 yaln\u0131z ki\u015fil\u0259r d\u0259rs verirdil\u0259r. Bu c\u00fcr m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259dris kursu \u0259r\u0259b dilini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259d\u0259n Quran\u0131n mexaniki oxunmas\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t idi.<\/p>\n
1832-ci il\u0259 aid m\u0259lumatlarda g\u00f6st\u0259rirlir ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n 14 m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 250-d\u0259n art\u0131q o\u011flan t\u0259hsil al\u0131rd\u0131 ki, bunlardan 25-i b\u0259y, 70-i tacir, 130-u sad\u0259 ail\u0259d\u0259n, 25-i is\u0259 ruhani ail\u0259sind\u0259n idi. Bu m\u0259lumatlarda yaln\u0131z r\u0259smi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin say\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi. Evd\u0259 t\u0259hsil alan \u015fagirdl\u0259r v\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f ev m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri bu siyah\u0131ya daxil deyildi. M\u0259kt\u0259bi m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 bitir\u0259nl\u0259r \u00f6z m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rinin z\u0259man\u0259ti il\u0259 t\u0259hsill\u0259rini m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 davam ed\u0259 bilirdil\u0259r. M\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259d\u0259 oxuyanlar \u0259r\u0259b-fars dill\u0259rini, ilahiyy\u0259t qanunlar\u0131n\u0131, m\u0259ntiqi, ritorikan\u0131, tarixi, hesab\u0131, co\u011frafiyan\u0131, tibbi \u00f6yr\u0259nir, \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u0259dii \u0259d\u0259biyyat n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olurdular. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259ki C\u00fcm\u0259 m\u0259scidinin tarixi 1475-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r. Bu m\u0259scidd\u0259ki t\u0259dris m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si 1918-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. M\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259nin m\u0259zunlar\u0131 t\u0259hsill\u0259rini davam etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Buxara, D\u0259m\u0259\u015fq, Ba\u011fdad, \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259riyy\u0259, Xorasan, Qahir\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u0259hsil m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259ki Nizamiyy\u0259 tipli ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 gedirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
D\u0259rb\u0259nd Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015f\u0259nd\u0259n sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hsil yaln\u0131z rus dilind\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. R\u0259smi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n m\u0259lum olur ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 1838-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bi a\u00e7\u0131landa yaln\u0131z 2 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6z u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 olmu\u015fdu. N\u0259c\u0259fqulu b\u0259y X\u0131d\u0131rb\u0259yo\u011flu 11 ya\u015fl\u0131 o\u011flu H\u0259s\u0259ni v\u0259 Hac\u0131 Qas\u0131m b\u0259y Heyd\u0259rov 8 ya\u015fl\u0131 o\u011flu Nem\u0259tullan\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdi. Dig\u0259r sakinl\u0259r yoxsulluqlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259han\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 verm\u0259kd\u0259n imtina etmi\u015f, b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 bildirmi\u015fdil\u0259r ki, \u00f6zh\u0259mdinl\u0259rinin t\u0259hsild\u0259 u\u011fur qazand\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259rl\u0259rs\u0259, onlar da u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 ver\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131 1902-ci ild\u0259 qoyulmu\u015f rus-Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259kt\u0259bi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, burada 72 o\u011flan t\u0259hsil al\u0131rd\u0131. 10 m\u00fcs\u0259lman m\u0259kt\u0259bi var ki, bunlarda c\u0259mi 284 \u015fagird t\u0259hsil al\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eagirdl\u0259rin 253-\u00fc o\u011flan, 31-i q\u0131z idi. 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 realn\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259bin \u015fagirdl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin meri Qas\u0131m b\u0259y Heyd\u0259rovun ad\u0131na 150 manat m\u0259bl\u0259\u011find\u0259 t\u0259qa\u00fcd t\u0259yin edilmi\u015fdi. Bu t\u0259qa\u00fcd\u00fc ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 3-c\u00fc sinif \u015fagirdi Mehdi b\u0259y M\u0259mm\u0259db\u0259yov alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 1905-ci ild\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r ictimaiyy\u0259ti idar\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n I Pyotr ad\u0131na 3 m\u00fckafat m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edildi. Realn\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259bin \u015fagird Cavad b\u0259y Zeynalov v\u0259 Q\u0131z gimnaziyas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fagirdi A.Aslanova bu m\u00fckafat\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 alanlardan idi.<\/p>\n
1947-ci ild\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259dris Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lan 1-ci d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li m\u0259kt\u0259b var idi. M\u0259kt\u0259bin direktoru Mir\u0259s\u0259dulla Seyidrza o\u011flu Abdullayev idi.<\/p>\n
D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman m\u0259kt\u0259bi 1848-ci il may\u0131n 8-d\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu rus q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259n sonra 2-ci d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259kt\u0259bi idi. M\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u00fcrk (Az\u0259rbaycan), \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 rus dill\u0259ri, q\u0131sa co\u011frafiya kursu, tarix, hesab, h\u00fcsnx\u0259t d\u0259rsl\u0259ri ke\u00e7irilirdi. T\u0259hsil m\u00fcdd\u0259ti h\u0259r sinifd\u0259 2 il olmaqla c\u0259mi 6 il idi. \u015eagirdl\u0259r pulsuz t\u0259hsil al\u0131r v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t hesab\u0131na ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. 1-ci il m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 3 \u015fagird s\u0259n\u0259d vermi\u015fdi ki, bundan 10-u D\u0259rb\u0259ndin \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n idi.<\/p>\n
1856-c\u0131 ilin yanvar\u0131n 15-d\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nd m\u00fcs\u0259lman m\u0259kt\u0259bi ba\u011fland\u0131 v\u0259 Temir-Xan-\u015euraya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u00f6kum\u0259t bu q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 izah edirdi ki, Temir-Xan-\u015eurada \u00e7oxlu m\u00fcs\u0259lman m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r v\u0259 orduda xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n zabitl\u0259r var v\u0259 onlar\u0131n u\u015faqlar\u0131 \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 rus dill\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa ehtiyac duyurlar.<\/p>\n
D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman q\u0131zlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259b 1864-c\u00fc ild\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Burada q\u0131zlar pansionda ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar, t\u0259hsil haqlar\u0131 xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6d\u0259nirdi. 1-ci il m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 8-10 ya\u015flar\u0131nda 20 q\u0131z q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdi. Bunlardan 14-\u00fc az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131, 6-s\u0131 rus idi. M\u0259kt\u0259bin t\u0259dris proqram\u0131na Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 oxu v\u0259 yaz\u0131dan ba\u015fqa, hesab v\u0259 \u0259l i\u015fi (tikm\u0259, bi\u00e7m\u0259, toxuma) v\u0259 ev t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 (x\u00f6r\u0259k haz\u0131rlamaq, \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k bi\u015firm\u0259k, paltar yumaq, masan\u0131n b\u0259z\u0259dilm\u0259si v\u0259 s.) daxil edilmi\u015fdi. M\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259dris m\u00fcdd\u0259ti 6 il idi. Nizamnam\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq, m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t yaln\u0131z rus m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li qad\u0131nlara tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ona k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i olaraq savadl\u0131 bir m\u00fcs\u0259lman qad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. O, h\u0259m d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dilinin t\u0259drisi il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdu. M\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 rus ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n sayda u\u015faqlar g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, onlar Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259n ba\u015fqa rus dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131 v\u0259 oxu qaydalar\u0131 da \u00f6yr\u0259nirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
1875-ci ild\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 Bibliyan\u0131n t\u0259drisi z\u0259ruri f\u0259nn kimi ke\u00e7ilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131 v\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 q\u0131zlar m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar. H\u0259min gimnaziya \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulanad\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n
1902-ci ild\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulmu\u015f rus-tatar m\u0259kt\u0259bi D\u0259rb\u0259nd qaz\u0131s\u0131 Hac\u0131 Molla M\u0259mm\u0259d Sad\u0131q Pi\u015fnamaz\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259clisin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildiyi xahi\u015fnam\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O, xahi\u015fnam\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi ki, D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 olan yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259hciz edilmi\u015f, m\u00fcs\u0259lman g\u0259ncl\u0259rin \u0259qli-m\u0259n\u0259vi inki\u015faf\u0131na imkan ver\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r yoxdur. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nd \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin m\u00fcs\u0259lman ictimaiyy\u0259ti \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 rus-m\u00fcs\u0259lman m\u0259kt\u0259binin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 xahi\u015f edir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r idar\u0259si m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n xahi\u015fini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131b, Bak\u0131 quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan vilay\u0259tinin xalq m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri direktorluqlar\u0131n\u0131n raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 v\u0259 1902-ci ild\u0259 sentyabr\u0131n 1-d\u0259 rus-tatar m\u0259kt\u0259bi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Xalq m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri direktoru m\u0259kt\u0259bin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na raz\u0131l\u0131q ver\u0259rk\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na bildirmi\u015fdi ki, m\u0259kt\u0259bin \u015fagirdl\u0259ri \u00c7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin bayramlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lam\u0259tdar olan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u0259ri qeyd etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Bunlar Novruz bayram\u0131 (19-21 mart), M\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259mlik ay\u0131 (3 g\u00fcn), S\u0259f\u0259r ay\u0131 (2 g\u00fcn), Ramazan bayram\u0131 (1 g\u00fcn), 1-3 \u015e\u0259vval, 10, 11 v\u0259 18 Zilhicc\u0259.<\/p>\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: Misir M\u0259rdanov. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n t\u0259hsil tarixi. \u201cT\u0259hsil\u201d n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131, 2011-ci il. Bak\u0131, I cild, 295 s.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a9 B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlar qorunur. X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n www.imm.az sayt\u0131na istinad z\u0259ruridir.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" – XIX \u0259srd\u0259 v\u0259 XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 t\u0259hsil nec\u0259 idi? D\u0259rb\u0259ndin Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, y\u0259ni 1906-c\u0131 il\u0259d\u0259k \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hsil \u0259sas etibar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259 m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259ki ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi. XIII \u0259srd\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 olmu\u015f \u0259r\u0259b co\u011frafiya\u015funas\u0131 Z\u0259k\u0259riyy\u0259 \u0259l \u2013 Q\u0259zvini yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7oxlu qala, bu qalalarda is\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131qda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n ilahiyy\u0259ti \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259r var. M\u0259scidl\u0259rd\u0259ki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17130"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21932,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17130\/revisions\/21932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}