{"id":18601,"date":"2018-04-26T14:50:07","date_gmt":"2018-04-26T10:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=18601"},"modified":"2018-04-27T11:23:29","modified_gmt":"2018-04-27T07:23:29","slug":"az%c9%99rbaycan-t%c9%99hsili-xalq-cumhuriyy%c9%99ti-ill%c9%99rind%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2018\/04\/26\/az%c9%99rbaycan-t%c9%99hsili-xalq-cumhuriyy%c9%99ti-ill%c9%99rind%c9%99\/","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0259rbaycan T\u0259hsili Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti ill\u0259rind\u0259"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Bu g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan Memarl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0130n\u015faat Universitetind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131n 100 illiyin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f professor-m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tinin, doktorantlar\u0131n v\u0259 g\u0259nc t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq elmi konfrans\u0131 ke\u00e7irilib.<\/p>\n

Konfransda\u00a0AMEA Riyaziyyat v\u0259 Mexanika \u0130nstitutunun direktoru, AMEA-n\u0131n m\u00fcxbir \u00fczv\u00fc, professor Misir M\u0259rdanov “Az\u0259rbaycan T\u0259hsili Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti ill\u0259rind\u0259” adl\u0131 m\u0259ruz\u0259 il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edib.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6rm\u0259tli konfrans i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131!<\/p>\n

\u018fvvala Sizin h\u0259r birinizi salamlay\u0131ram v\u0259 m\u0259ni bu konfransa d\u0259v\u0259t etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Memarl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0130n\u015faat Universitetinin rektoru, h\u00f6rm\u0259tli G\u00fcl\u00e7\u00f6hr\u0259 xan\u0131ma minn\u0259tdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 bildirir\u0259m. Siz\u0259 m\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u00e7ox h\u00f6rm\u0259tli c\u0259nab \u0130lham \u018fliyevin s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131 il\u0259 2018-ci il \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 \u201cXalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti ili\u201d elan olunub. Bu g\u00fcn m\u0259nim dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m m\u00f6vzu Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti ill\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan T\u0259hsili il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u0259m ki, h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bel\u0259 bir m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r m\u0259clisd\u0259 m\u0259ruz\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259min d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ictimai-siyasi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti il\u0259 q\u0131sa da olsa tan\u0131\u015f olmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bildiyiniz kimi 28 iyul 1914-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f Birinci D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259si\u00a011 noyabr 1918-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam etmi\u015fdi. Y\u0259ni Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti yarad\u0131landa Birinci D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259si h\u0259l\u0259 davam edirdi. Bu\u00a0m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iki g\u00fcc m\u0259rk\u0259zi bir-birin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015furdu<\/p>\n

Bununla yana\u015f\u0131 Fevral Burjua inqilab\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7ar m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259ti 1917-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kildi. Hakimiyy\u0259t M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259<\/em> ke\u00e7di. H\u0259min h\u00f6kum\u0259t Qafqaz cani\u015finliyini l\u0259\u011fv etdi v\u0259 Zaqafqaziyan\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, 1917-ci ilin mart\u0131nda \u00a0Rusiya D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dumas\u0131n\u0131n C\u0259nubi Qafqazdan olan deputatlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 tabe olan \u00d6z\u0259l Zaqafqaziya Komit\u0259si<\/em> (\u201cOZaKom\u201d) t\u0259\u015fkil etdi.<\/p>\n

Yeddi aydan sonra, 1917-ci ilin oktyabr\u0131nda bol\u015fevikl\u0259r Petroqradda hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r, ancaq Zaqafqaziya komit\u0259si bu hakimiyy\u0259ti tan\u0131mad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir aydan sonra,15 noyabr 1917-ci ild\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259nin apar\u0131c\u0131 mill\u0259tl\u0259ri olan t\u00fcrk, g\u00fcrc\u00fc v\u0259 erm\u0259ni n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri \u201cZaqafqaziya Komissarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/em> adl\u0131 yerli h\u00f6kum\u0259t qurdu.<\/p>\n

Zaqafqaziya Komissarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 18 noyabr 1917-ci il b\u0259yannam\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi ki, o \u201cyaln\u0131z \u00dcmumrusiya M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisinin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nad\u0259k\u201d f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

1918-ci il yanvar\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu Ba\u015f komandan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcavini \u018fnv\u0259r pa\u015fa Zaqafqaziya Komissarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259 s\u00fclh ba\u011flama\u011f\u0131 t\u0259kilf ets\u0259 d\u0259 Komissarl\u0131q bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Rusiya M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisind\u0259n s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t almal\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirdi. M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisi is\u0259 5 yanvar 1918-ci ild\u0259 Moskvada \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u018fks\u0259riyy\u0259ti men\u015fevik v\u0259 eser olan deputatlar Sovet hakimiyy\u0259tini v\u0259 II \u00dcmumrusiya Sovetl\u0259r qurultay\u0131n\u0131n dekretl\u0259rini tan\u0131maqdan imtina etdil\u0259r. Leninin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi bol\u015fevikl\u0259r d\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min g\u00fcn M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisini qovdular.<\/p>\n

Bol\u015fevik \u00e7evrili\u015find\u0259n sonra Rusiya m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kildi. Rus ordusunun c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259n geri d\u00f6nm\u0259si il\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Zaqafqaziyada oldu\u011fu kimi Az\u0259rbaycanda da d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli anarxiya h\u00f6km s\u00fcrd\u00fc, milli v\u0259 h\u0259rbi z\u0259mind\u0259 ciddi toqqu\u015fmalar ba\u015f verdi.<\/p>\n

1918-ci ilin Bak\u0131, \u015eamax\u0131, Quba, L\u0259nk\u0259ran, Z\u0259ng\u0259zur v\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 da yada salsaq, Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin hans\u0131 \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 quruldu\u011funu t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tin olmaz.<\/p>\n

Zaqafqaziya Komissarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 12 yanvar 1918-ci ild\u0259 diyarda siyasi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t haqq\u0131nda m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n qanunverici orqan\u0131 olan Zaqafqaziya Seyminin<\/em> \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etdi. Tiflisd\u0259 ilk iclas\u0131 10 \u00a0fevral 1918-ci ild\u0259, sonuncu \u00a0iclas\u0131 20 may 1918-ci ild\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f Zaqafqaziya Seymi qanunverici d\u00f6vl\u0259t hakimiyy\u0259ti orqan\u0131 idi. O, \u00dcmumrusiya M\u00fc\u0259ssisl\u0259r M\u0259clisin\u0259 Zaqafqaziyadan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f deputatlardan v\u0259 Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n siyasi partiyalar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil edilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Seymin m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131q q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 onun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mli m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri qaydaya salmaq oldu. Trabzon v\u0259 Batum konfranslar\u0131nda bu problemin h\u0259ll edilm\u0259m\u0259si yaln\u0131z Seymin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn deyil, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 Zaqafqaziya hakimiyy\u0259tinin d\u0259 ac\u0131 taleyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirdi. B\u0259zi d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259hriki il\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti il\u0259 8 g\u00fcnl\u00fck m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 giri\u015fm\u0259si is\u0259 onun m\u0259hvini s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. H\u0259r yerd\u0259n \u0259li \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Seym 9 aprel 1918-ci ild\u0259 Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n Rusiyadan ayr\u0131laraq m\u00fcst\u0259qil Zaqafqaziya Demokratik Federativ C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti<\/em> d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 elan etm\u0259k zorunda qald\u0131. Bundan sonra da Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti il\u0259 \u00fcmumi dil tapa bilm\u0259y\u0259n G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan 26 mayda \u00f6z m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini elan etdi v\u0259 bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti il\u0259, yaln\u0131z 34 g\u00fcn ya\u015faya bilmi\u015f m\u00fcst\u0259qil Zaqafqaziya Demokratik Federativ C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tini v\u0259 Zaqafqaziya Seymini d\u0259 par\u00e7alayaraq da\u011f\u0131td\u0131. 26 may g\u00fcn\u00fc Seym son toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc buraxd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zaqafqaziya Seymi tarix\u0259 qovu\u015fsa da onun 44 n\u0259f\u0259rlik M\u00fcs\u0259lman fraksiyas\u0131 27 may 1918-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131<\/em> \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 tamamil\u0259 yeni v\u0259 \u015f\u0259r\u0259fli bir tarixin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 qoydu.<\/p>\n

May\u0131n 28-d\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259, ke\u00e7mi\u015f Qafqaz cani\u015fininin saray\u0131nda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y A\u011fayevin s\u0259drliyi alt\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6vb\u0259ti iclas\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n

H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t olmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini s\u0259s\u0259 qoyur. Yekunda s\u0259dr H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y A\u011fayev \u00fczvl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259 deyir: \u201cBu saatda, y\u0259ni 1918-ci il, 28 may, saat 9-a 10 d\u0259qiq\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0130stiqlaliyy\u0259ti Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir\u201d.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0130stiqlal B\u0259yannam\u0259sini \u00a0q\u0259bul etdi. Milli \u015eura t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259t F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyskinin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 1918-ci il iyun ay\u0131n\u0131n 13-n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, y\u0259ni c\u0259mi 15 g\u00fcn Tiflisd\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Milli \u015eura v\u0259 h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259t yax\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, C\u0259nubi Qafqazda c\u0259r\u0259yan ed\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rin ba\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti durur. Batumda T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan, Erm\u0259nista v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan aras\u0131nda C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k taleyini m\u00fcyy\u0259n ed\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar davam edirdi, h\u0259min dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 imzalanan sazi\u015fin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc madd\u0259sind\u0259 deyilirdi ki, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti ehtiyac yaranarsa, Az\u0259rbaycana h\u0259rbi yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259yi \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d.<\/p>\n

Bu zaman \u015eaumyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi Bak\u0131 Xalq Komissarlar\u0131 Sovetinin da\u015fnaq-bol\u015fevik ordusu G\u0259nc\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccuma ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259min g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan N\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 heyy\u0259tinin r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri R\u0259sulzad\u0259 v\u0259 Hac\u0131nski Batumda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 davam etdirirdil\u0259r. Onlar v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin g\u0259rginliyini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131b yuxar\u0131da qeyd olunan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u0259nd\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdil\u0259r. M\u00fcraci\u0259t d\u0259rhal q\u0259bul olundu v\u0259\u00a0 Nuru Pa\u015fan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 Qafqaz \u0130slam ordusu G\u0259nc\u0259 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a01918-ci il iyunun 16-da Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin Milli \u015euras\u0131 v\u0259 h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259ti Tiflisd\u0259n G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Bak\u0131 Soveti q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri\u00a0 Bak\u0131dan G\u0259nc\u0259 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 h\u00fccumu davam etdirirdi. Bu h\u00fccumda i\u015ftirak ed\u0131n zabit v\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti erm\u0259nil\u0259r idi. Lakin Nuru Pa\u015fan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259n Bak\u0131ya do\u011fru istiqam\u0259tl\u0259nmi\u015f Qafqaz \u0130slam ordusu b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u00fcca\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k bu h\u00fccumun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 v\u0259 1918-ci il sentyabr\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131 azad etdi. Bir fakt\u0131da qeyd edim ki, h\u0259min tarixi g\u00fcnd\u0259 Qafqaz \u0130slam Ordusunun r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri Nuru Pa\u015fa, X\u0259lil Pa\u015fa, M\u00fcrs\u0259l Pa\u015fa v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 Hac\u0131 Zenalabdin Ta\u011f\u0131yevin d\u0259v\u0259ti il\u0259 onun evind\u0259 qonaq oldular. Ta\u011f\u0131yev \u00f6z iki m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc Bak\u0131n\u0131 azad etmi\u015f qo\u015fun komandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istifad\u0259sin\u0259 verdi.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min g\u00fcnd\u0259n Bak\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 elan olundu.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259hsili d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011funun t\u0259m\u0259l prinsipl\u0259rind\u0259n biri hesab ed\u0259r\u0259k, xalq maarifinin m\u0259zmun v\u0259 struktur c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131n\u0131 milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tin \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi b\u0259yan etdi.<\/p>\n

T\u0259hsil\u0259 bel\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tin n\u0259tic\u0259si idi ki, h\u0259l\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 yaranan ilk nazirlik Xalq Maarif Nazirliyi idi. Nazirlik yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk g\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0259kdi, \u00fcmumi icbari t\u0259hsil layih\u0259l\u0259ri haz\u0131rlad\u0131, k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 yeni m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r a\u00e7ma\u011fa q\u0259rar verdi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn maarif ocaqlar\u0131, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r onun tabeliyin\u0259 verildi. Az ke\u00e7m\u0259di ki, h\u00f6kum\u0259tin q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda h\u0259min Nazirliyin tabeliyind\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lkil\u0259r saxlan\u0131lmaqla, 10 b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 yeni xalq m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri m\u00fcf\u0259tti\u015fliyi yarad\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 regionlardak\u0131 t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t onlara tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 formala\u015fan ikinci kabinetinin Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na \u00fcnvanlanm\u0131\u015f 17 iyun 1918-ci il tarixli m\u00fcraci\u0259tind\u0259 deyilirdi ki, h\u00f6kum\u0259tin yax\u0131n d\u00f6vrd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259c\u0259yi t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, maarif ocaqlar\u0131nda t\u0259drisin ana dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131, anadilli m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si olacaqd\u0131r. Eyni zamanda m\u00fcraci\u0259td\u0259 o da x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulan\u0131rd\u0131 ki, t\u0259hsild\u0259 millil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesi t\u0259drici yolla, m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259kdir. H\u00f6kum\u0259t \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin G\u0259nc\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201cT\u00fcrk dilinin d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili elan edilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d 27 iyun 1918-ci il tarixli q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etdi. F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyskinin Ba\u015f nazir kimi imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259min q\u0259rarla Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkc\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili elan edildi, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259, t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r inzibati qurumlarda bu dild\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edildi. Bu q\u0259rar m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 maarif sah\u0259sind\u0259 millil\u0259\u015fm\u0259 prosesinin bir n\u00f6v ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 oldu. \u0130st\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkc\u0259sinin d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili elan olunmas\u0131, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259hsil sisteminin, m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 maarif ocaqlar\u0131n\u0131n millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si ideyas\u0131 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildi. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nsa ki, bu proses Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r, \u0259slind\u0259 \u201colum, ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d dilemmas\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tarixi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259nin paytaxt\u0131 Bak\u0131 u\u011frunda \u00f6l\u00fcm-dirim m\u00fcharib\u0259si getdiyi bir zamanda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, onda Milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tin h\u0259min t\u0259dbirl\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verdiyini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259tinin \u00a0t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyas\u0259tin realla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259xir\u0259sal\u0131nmaz t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin v\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan islahatlar\u0131n \u0259sas istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lardan ibar\u0259t idi:<\/p>\n

– Az\u0259rbaycanda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 istisnas\u0131z olaraq millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– \u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259drisin, \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259t dilind\u0259 \u2013 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkc\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131na nail olunmas\u0131; t\u0259lim m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti olaraq ba\u015fqa dill\u0259rd\u0259 apar\u0131lan m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t dilinin m\u0259cburi v\u0259 intensiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259drisinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– tezlikl\u0259 ham\u0131l\u0131qla \u00fcmumi icbari t\u0259hsil\u0259 ke\u00e7ilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 islahatlar aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi h\u00f6kum\u0259t komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu, proqram v\u0259 d\u0259rslikl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 komissiyalar\u0131n t\u0259sis edilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– milli m\u0259kt\u0259bin t\u0259r\u0259qqisini t\u0259min etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 milli m\u00fc\u0259llim kadrlar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni dar\u00fclm\u00fc\u0259lliminl\u0259rin v\u0259 dar\u00fclm\u00fc\u0259llimatlar\u0131n\u00a0 yarad\u0131lmas\u0131; bununla yana\u015f\u0131, ilkin olaraq m\u00fc\u0259llim haz\u0131rlayan q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli pedaqoji kurslar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131; ilkin z\u0259ruri ehtiyac\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin d\u0259v\u0259t olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u0259rslikl\u0259rin g\u0259tirilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu sah\u0259sind\u0259 islahatlar\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni proqram v\u0259 d\u0259rslikl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259\u015fri, t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmununda milli-m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 \u2013 t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck az\u0259rbaycan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q, islam\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 avropa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– \u00f6lk\u0259nin idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 iqtisadi m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn milli m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131; bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259: \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ali v\u0259 orta ixtisas t\u0259hsili m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin t\u0259hsil almalar\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

– \u00f6lk\u0259nin tarixini, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tini, etnoqrafiyas\u0131n\u0131, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn elmi m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin, elmi c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, universitetl\u0259rin t\u0259sis olunmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u00a0– s\u0259n\u0259t, texniki-pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri, \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si; internat tipli m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin, m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259rbiy\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u00f6vl\u0259t himay\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si;<\/p>\n

– \u00f6lk\u0259nin h\u0259rbi potensial\u0131n\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131rmaq, m\u00fcdafi\u0259 q\u00fcdr\u0259tini m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 milli h\u0259rbi m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r haz\u0131rlayan h\u0259rbi t\u0259hsil ocaqlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

– \u00f6lk\u0259 b\u00fcdc\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsil\u0259 ayr\u0131lan x\u0259rcl\u0259rin\u00a0 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 intensiv olaraq art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

-ana dilind\u0259 t\u0259hsilin inki\u015fafi, \u0259hali aras\u0131nda savads\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Avropaya m\u0259d\u0259ni inteqrasiyas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 \u0259lifba islahat\u0131n\u0131n apar\u0131lmas\u0131, lat\u0131n \u0259lifbas\u0131na ke\u00e7ilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259t komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, ilkin layih\u0259nin Parlamentd\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259si v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u00fcvafiq t\u0259\u015fkilati m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259lli.<\/p>\n

\u00a0H\u00f6kum\u0259tinin t\u0259hsil sah\u0259sind\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 quruculuq i\u015fl\u0259ri, t\u0259xir\u0259sal\u0131nmaz t\u0259dbirl\u0259r q\u0131sa bir vaxt \u0259rzind\u0259 \u00f6z n\u0259tic\u0259sini verdi. 1919-cu ilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 respublika \u0259razisind\u0259 23 d\u00f6vl\u0259t orta t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si var idi ki, onlardan da alt\u0131s\u0131 ki\u015fi, d\u00f6rd\u00fc qad\u0131n gimnaziyas\u0131, be\u015fi realn\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259b, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r seminariyas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc \u201cM\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Nina\u201d q\u0131z m\u0259kt\u0259bi, biri politexnik v\u0259 biri kommersiya m\u0259kt\u0259bi idi. <\/em>H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 637 ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259b f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n

Petroqradda fizika-riyaziyyat fak\u00fclt\u0259sin\u0259 qurtarm\u0131\u015f S\u0259lim\u0259 xan\u0131m Yaqubova I Milli Qad\u0131n Gimnaziyas\u0131na, M\u00fcsl\u00fcm Maqomayev I Bak\u0131 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q ibtidai ali m\u0259kt\u0259bin\u0259, R\u0259\u015fid b\u0259y \u018ff\u0259ndiyev is\u0259 Bak\u0131 Ki\u015fi M\u00fc\u0259llim Seminariyas\u0131na m\u00fcdir t\u0259yin olundu. Milli kadrlar\u0131n bu t\u0259yinat\u0131 tezkil\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259sini verdi. S\u0259lim\u0259 xan\u0131m Yaqubova I Milli Qad\u0131n Gimnaziyas\u0131na m\u00fcdir t\u0259yin edildikd\u0259n sonra, m\u00fc\u0259llim hey\u0259tinin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklik aparma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u0259kt\u0259bin inspektoru v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n maarifp\u0259rv\u0259r qad\u0131n\u0131 X\u0259dic\u0259 xan\u0131m A\u011fayevan\u0131 t\u0259yin etdi. Q\u0131sa bir vaxtda m\u0259kt\u0259bin 57 qeyri-az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llimind\u0259n 14-n\u00fc az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z etdi. S\u0259lim\u0259 xan\u0131m Yaqubova savadl\u0131 m\u00fcs\u0259lman qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bin rolunu v\u0259 n\u00fcfuzunu y\u00fcks\u0259ltdi. R\u0259\u015fid b\u0259y \u018ff\u0259ndiyev d\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi seminariyada 24 qeyri-az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llimin 17-ni az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z etdi. O, H\u00fcsen Cavid, \u018fzim \u018fzimzad\u0259, Rza T\u0259hmasib kimi milli ruhlu m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri seminariyaya i\u015f\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t etdi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcm Maqomayev is\u0259 qeyri-az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llimd\u0259n 4-n\u00fc az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z etdi. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 \u018fli Terequlov, Molla Qafar, P\u0259nah Qas\u0131mov kimi xalq m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri var idi..<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycanda ana dilind\u0259 orta m\u0259kt\u0259b yox idi. H\u0259tta ana dili o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn orta t\u0259hsil oca\u011f\u0131 say\u0131lan realn\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 bir-iki saat ke\u00e7il\u0259n, m\u0259cburi olmayan f\u0259nn hesab olunurdu. Bunun aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 vacib hesab ed\u0259n h\u00f6kum\u0259t, 28 avqust 1918-ci il tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259limin Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 qanunil\u0259\u015fdirdi. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 maarifp\u0259rv\u0259r ziyal\u0131 Abdulla \u015eaiqin b\u00f6y\u00fck xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olub.<\/p>\n

\u00d6lk\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259hsilin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, m\u0259kt\u0259b islahat\u0131 u\u011furla h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irils\u0259 d\u0259, bu prosesi l\u0259ngid\u0259n bir \u00e7ox amill\u0259r var idi. H\u0259min amill\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n ba\u015fl\u0131cas\u0131, \u0259vv\u0259lki ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi pe\u015f\u0259kar m\u00fc\u0259llim kadrlar\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 idi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si ilk g\u00fcnd\u0259n milli h\u00f6kum\u0259tin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259sas yerl\u0259rd\u0259n birini tuturdu. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin tezlikl\u0259 h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00f6kum\u0259t bir ne\u00e7\u0259 istiqam\u0259td\u0259 (yeni m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r seminariyalar\u0131 yaratmaq, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131q kurslar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259k, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r d\u0259v\u0259t etm\u0259k) i\u015f apar\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n d\u0259v\u0259t olunmu\u015f 50 n\u0259f\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llim respublikada xalq maarifinin yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilind\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, d\u0259rslikl\u0259r, t\u0259dris v\u0259saitl\u0259ri haz\u0131rlay\u0131r, millil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259rs deyirdil\u0259r. Yerl\u0259rd\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar bu t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir, onun h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni \u0259sirg\u0259mirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Q\u0131sa bir vaxtda Bak\u0131 politexnik, kommersiya m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri istisna edilm\u0259kl\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn orta t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ki\u015fi v\u0259 qad\u0131n gimnaziyalar\u0131 millil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

T\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, ibtidai, ali ibtidai v\u0259 orta t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259drisin d\u00f6vl\u0259t dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131na ke\u00e7id prosesi probleml\u0259rsiz \u00f6t\u00fc\u015fm\u0259di. \u00c7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259lum oldu ki, \u00fcmumt\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7oxlu sayda u\u015faq t\u0259hsild\u0259n k\u0259nara qal\u0131r. Bu reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 28 avqust 1918-ci il tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fiklik etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur oldu. 2 ay yar\u0131mdan sonra verilmi\u015f 13 noyabr 1918-ci il tarixli q\u0259rarda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edildi ki, bir orta t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259si olan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259 Xalq Maarif Nazirliyinin x\u00fcsusi raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin yuxar\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131q sinifl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq paralel olaraq rus b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259rinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verilir.<\/p>\n

Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 veril\u0259n bu q\u0259rarlar m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131na baxmayaraq, Az\u0259rbaycan t\u0259hsil tarixind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259sna rolu olan add\u0131m idi. M\u0259hz bu q\u0259rarlarla Az\u0259rbaycanda \u00fcmumi orta t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259limin ana dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131na dair milli maarif\u00e7il\u0259rin uzun ill\u0259r arzusunda olduqlar\u0131 ideya ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdi. Az\u0259rbaycan dili d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili statusu qazand\u0131, ana dilimiz \u00f6lk\u0259mizin \u0259sas t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259, t\u0259hsil dilin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. .<\/p>\n

1919-cu ild\u0259 respublikada 15 millil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f ali ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259b var idi ki, onlar\u00a0 Bak\u0131, G\u00f6y\u00e7ay, Quba, Qusar, Salyan, L\u0259nk\u0259ran, \u015eamax\u0131, G\u00f6yt\u0259p\u0259, G\u0259nc\u0259, Gorus, A\u011fda\u015f, \u015eu\u015fa, \u015e\u0259ki, Qazax v\u0259 Zaqatalada yerl\u0259\u015firdi. Nazirlik daha 2 ali ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259bin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Ali ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u015eu\u015fa v\u0259 Zaqatalada qad\u0131n gimnaziyalar\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259, Zaqatala v\u0259 \u015e\u0259kid\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri var idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130btidai m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri bitir\u0259n \u015fagirdl\u0259r orta m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259, sonra is\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u00fcdd\u0259ti d\u00f6rd il olan ali ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259bul olunurdular.<\/p>\n

M\u0259kt\u0259b islahat\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259 etm\u0259k, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259klifl\u0259r haz\u0131rlay\u0131b h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti Az\u0259rbaycan m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rinin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti qurultay\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaq bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etdi. Az\u0259rbaycan m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rinin sayca 3-c\u00fc olan h\u0259min qurultay\u0131 1919-cu il avqustun 20-d\u0259 saat 11-d\u0259 Bak\u0131 I realn\u0131 m\u0259kt\u0259binin (indiki Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0130qtisad Universiteti) akt zal\u0131nda \u00f6z i\u015fin\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Qurultayda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgl\u0259rini v\u0259 t\u0259dris m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259msil ed\u0259n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259r i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r. Qurultay\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan T\u00fcrk M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri A\u011fab\u0259y \u0130srafilb\u0259yov a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, qurultayda Xalq Maarif\u00a0 Nazirliyi ad\u0131ndan nazir m\u00fcavini H\u0259mid b\u0259y \u015eahtaxtinski b\u00f6y\u00fck nitq s\u00f6yl\u0259mi\u015fdi. Qurultay\u0131n Xalq Maarif Nazirliyin\u0259 t\u0259qdim etdiyi t\u0259klifl\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b islahat\u0131 v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi olaraq t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunca millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini \u0259sas tutan proqram v\u0259 d\u0259rslik islahat\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq proqram haz\u0131rlamaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t komissiyas\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131. 1919-cu il noyabr\u0131n 7-d\u0259 Xalq Maarif Nazirliyi yan\u0131nda yarad\u0131lan h\u00f6kum\u0259t islahat komissiyas\u0131na Xalq Maarif nazirinin m\u00fcavini H\u0259mid b\u0259y \u015eahtaxtinski (s\u0259dr), Nurm\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d b\u0259y \u015eahsuvarov, Azad b\u0259y \u018fmirov, F\u0259tulla b\u0259y Rzab\u0259yov, Sultan M\u0259cid Q\u0259nizad\u0259, Abdulla b\u0259y \u018ff\u0259ndiyev, S\u0259lim\u0259 xan\u0131m Yaqubova, Sara xan\u0131m Xuramovi\u00e7, \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y Pepinov, X\u0259dic\u0259 xan\u0131m A\u011fayeva, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d a\u011fa \u015eahtaxtinski, Cabbar b\u0259y Oruc\u0259liyev v\u0259 Saleh b\u0259y V\u0259kilov daxil idi.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6kum\u0259t bu komissiya qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259rs ilinin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 kimi m\u0259kt\u0259b islahat\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259lli \u00fczr\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t proqram\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaq missiyas\u0131 qoymu\u015fdu. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, komissiya \u00f6z i\u015fini ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131rana kimi milli h\u00f6kum\u0259t devrildi. Amma h\u00f6kum\u0259t devril\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r komissiya h\u0259min m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6r\u0259 bildi. Bel\u0259 ki, bu komissiyan\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc v\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim seminariyalar\u0131, xalq maarif inspektorlar\u0131, ali, ibtidai m\u0259kt\u0259b m\u00fcdirl\u0259rinin 1919-cu ilin dekabr\u0131nda Bak\u0131da ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck m\u00fc\u015favir\u0259sind\u0259 \u00fcmumt\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan d\u0259rslikl\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si geni\u015f m\u00fczakir\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259klifl\u0259r haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rinin millil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 ilk t\u0259dbirl\u0259rd\u0259n biri, he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz, Zaqafqaziya (Qori) M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r Seminariyas\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin Az\u0259rbaycana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda 22 iyun 1918-ci il tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131 oldu. Milli h\u00f6kum\u0259t bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 x\u0259zin\u0259darl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saiti ay\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n raz\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u0259ldi. H\u00f6kum\u0259t seminariyan\u0131n b\u0259zi maliyy\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259rini \u00f6z \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f qazaxl\u0131lar\u0131n xahi\u015fini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq 10 iyul 1918-ci il tarixli iclas\u0131nda m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni onlar\u0131n xeyrin\u0259 h\u0259ll etdi. Qori \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 seminariyan\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin \u0259mlak\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131b Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259tirm\u0259k bar\u0259d\u0259 bu \u015f\u00f6b\u0259nin sonuncu inspektoru Firidun b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rliy\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015f v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t verdi. Firidun b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rli seminariyan\u0131 Qaza\u011fa k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259sinin \u0259vv\u0259lki m\u00fchit\u0259 yax\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq onu \u0259vv\u0259lki yerind\u0259n \u00e7ox uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rmama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130kinci t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Qazaxda o zaman Qori seminariyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu m\u0259zunlar\u0131: \u018fhm\u0259d a\u011fa Mustafayev, Haley b\u0259y \u015e\u0131xlinski, S\u00fcleyman Qay\u0131bov, Yusif \u018ff\u0259ndiyev, \u018fhm\u0259d a\u011fa G\u00fclm\u0259mm\u0259dov, Alyo\u015fa Mustafayev, \u018fhm\u0259d Seyidov, Osman \u015e\u0131xlinski, S\u0259lim \u018ff\u0259ndiyev, Yusif Qas\u0131mov, \u018fli H\u00fcseynov, \u0130brahim Qay\u0131bov v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqalar\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259yirdil\u0259r D\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f maarif\u00e7i-xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7isi, m\u00fctali\u0259ni sev\u0259n ziyal\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, Qaza\u011f\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur V\u0259kilo\u011flular\u0131 n\u0259slind\u0259n olan M\u0259\u015f\u0259di \u0130brahim a\u011fa Kosal\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259dris binas\u0131 kimi seminariyaya h\u0259diyy\u0259 etdi.<\/p>\n

N\u0259hay\u0259t, Qazax seminariyas\u0131 1918-ci il noyabr\u0131n 10-da t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Firidun b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rlinin s\u0259drliyi il\u0259 seminariyan\u0131n t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda o zaman Qazaxda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n t\u00fcrk ordusunun komendant\u0131 S\u0259dri b\u0259y, t\u00fcrk qarnizon r\u0259isi Camal b\u0259y, Qazax qarnizonunun r\u0259isi Haley b\u0259y \u015e\u0131xlinski, xalq m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri inspektoru N\u0259sib b\u0259y Qiyasb\u0259yov, ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r inspektoru \u018fhm\u0259d a\u011fa Mustafayev, yerli h\u00f6kum\u0259tin m\u0259murlar\u0131, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r adamlar\u0131 v\u0259 seminariyaya daxil olacaq ilk \u015fagirdl\u0259rin valideynl\u0259ri i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Qazax M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r Seminariyas\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Firidun b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rliy\u0259 Qazaxda olan T\u00fcrk ordusunun qarnizon r\u0259isi d\u0259 yax\u0131ndan k\u00f6m\u0259k edirdi.<\/p>\n

Firidun b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rli Qazaxda yaranacaq yeni seminariyan\u0131n i\u015fini d\u00fczg\u00fcn qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onunla b\u0259rab\u0259r Qorid\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015f \u0130brahim Qay\u0131bov, Mirz\u0259 V\u0259liyev v\u0259 Mustafa M\u0259mm\u0259dov kimi m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259ri, o zaman Qazaxda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n \u018fli H\u00fcseynov, \u018fhm\u0259d a\u011fa Mustafayev, Yusif Qas\u0131mov, \u0130sf\u0259ndiyar V\u0259kilov, M\u0259i\u015f H\u00fcseynov kimi Qori seminariyas\u0131n\u0131 qurtarm\u0131\u015f xalq m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rinin \u0259n qabaqc\u0131l n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini seminariyaya d\u0259v\u0259t etdi. Firidun b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rli Qazaxda q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 seminariyan\u0131 el\u0259 \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi ki, onun s\u0259das\u0131 respublikan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259n g\u0259ldi. Qazax seminariyas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u0259rzind\u0259 Qori seminariyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rn\u0259 sadiq qalm\u0131\u015f orada t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri davam etdirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6lk\u0259nin idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259k ali t\u0259hsilli m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin \u0259n \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verdiyi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri idi. Bu v\u0259zif\u0259nin icra edilm\u0259si istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin d\u00f6vl\u0259t hesab\u0131na xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259si idi. El\u0259 o vaxtdan t\u0259hsil tariximizd\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n xaricd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsil almas\u0131n\u0131n<\/em> t\u0259m\u0259li qoyuldu.<\/p>\n

Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Parlamenti x\u00fcsusi komissiya t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdi. Komissiyan\u0131n g\u0259rgin \u0259m\u0259yi v\u0259 ciddi axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 xaric\u0259 ali t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259c\u0259k 100 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 se\u00e7ildi, 10 n\u0259f\u0259rin \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259y\u0259, 23 n\u0259f\u0259rin \u0130taliyaya, 45 n\u0259f\u0259rin Fransaya, 9 n\u0259f\u0259rin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259, 13 n\u0259f\u0259rin Rusiyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rilm\u0259si q\u0259rara al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Se\u00e7il\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r 1920-ci ilin soyuq yanvar g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 Parlament v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t \u00fczvl\u0259rinin, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n din xadiml\u0259rinin, ictimaiyy\u0259tin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yola sal\u0131nd\u0131. Lakin q\u00fcrb\u0259t ell\u0259r\u0259 yola d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n g\u0259ncl\u0259rin he\u00e7 d\u0259 ham\u0131s\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutuldu\u011fu kimi t\u0259hsil ala bilm\u0259di. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri q\u0259bul etm\u0259di. \u0130taliyada t\u0259hsil almas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan 23 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n yaln\u0131z 6 n\u0259f\u0259ri h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 qald\u0131. Fransada t\u0259hsil almal\u0131 olan 45 n\u0259f\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131 orada yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259 bilm\u0259di. Parlament komissiyas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin siyah\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259rtib ed\u0259rk\u0259n Almaniyan\u0131 bu siyah\u0131ya salmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Amma yuxar\u0131da adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq m\u0259hz Almaniya t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rimizin ya\u015famas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259hsil almas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n m\u00fcnasib \u00f6lk\u0259 oldu. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin \u00e7oxu Almaniyan\u0131n ali t\u0259hsil m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259bul edildil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Sovet Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rbi t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fc il\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n 1920-ci ilin 27 aprel \u00e7evrili\u015find\u0259n sonra qurulan Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin ilk ill\u0259rind\u0259 xaric\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin t\u0259hsili bar\u0259d\u0259 xalq komissarlar\u0131 sovetinin s\u0259dri N\u0259riman N\u0259rimanov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cXaric\u0259 oxuma\u011fa g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131n davam etdirilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda\u201d x\u00fcsusi dekret imzalanm\u0131\u015f, ilk vaxtlar onlar\u0131n ali t\u0259hsili ba\u015fa vurmalar\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131lsa da, bu i\u015f sonad\u0259k davam etm\u0259di. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 onlar\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259ri \u00f6z t\u0259hsill\u0259rini yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qoyub Az\u0259rbaycana qay\u0131td\u0131, b\u0259zil\u0259ri getdikl\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015fqa sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Repressiya qurban\u0131 olanlar, xaricd\u0259 yoxsulluq ucbat\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 oldu. Bol\u015fevik h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin m\u0259suliyy\u0259tsizliyi \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n min bir arzu il\u0259 ya\u015fayan bu cavanlar\u0131n \u00fcmidl\u0259ri pu\u00e7 oldu.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi 2 il\u0259 yax\u0131n d\u00f6vr \u0259rzind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, xalq maarifinin yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkili sah\u0259sind\u0259 xeyli i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u00f6kum\u0259ti Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti, K\u0259nd T\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 \u0130nstitutu, Pedaqoji v\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Konservatoriyas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilati i\u015fl\u0259r aparsa da, o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f tarixi-siyasi \u015f\u0259rait yaln\u0131z Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetini t\u0259sis etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verdi.<\/p>\n