{"id":19978,"date":"2018-07-18T16:33:02","date_gmt":"2018-07-18T12:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=19978"},"modified":"2018-07-18T13:55:56","modified_gmt":"2018-07-18T09:55:56","slug":"david-hilbert-v%c9%99-onun-23-problemi-v-hiss%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2018\/07\/18\/david-hilbert-v%c9%99-onun-23-problemi-v-hiss%c9%99\/","title":{"rendered":"DAV\u0130D H\u0130LBERT\u00a0 v\u0259 onun 23 problemi (V hiss\u0259)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19874\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert-201x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert.jpg 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>David Hilbertin 3-c\u00fc problemi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Problemin qoyulu\u015fu: B\u0259rab\u0259r h\u0259cimli \u00e7ox\u00fczl\u00fcl\u0259ri sonlu sayda b\u0259rab\u0259r (konqruent) v\u0259 k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259y\u0259n fiqurlara ay\u0131rmaq olarm\u0131?<br \/>\nM\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qoyulu\u015funun \u0259sas\u0131 onda idi ki, m\u00fcst\u0259vi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 bel\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu haqq\u0131nda Bolyayi-Hervin teoremi do\u011frudur. D.Hilbert \u0259slind\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni konqruent tetraedrl\u0259r\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f kimi qoymu\u015fdu. Eyni h\u0259cmli fiqurlar\u0131n b\u0259rab\u0259r sayda b\u0259rab\u0259r tetraedrl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259 bilm\u0259si ehtimal olunurdu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc problem D. Hilbertin probleml\u0259rinin \u0259n sad\u0259si oldu v\u0259 c\u0259mi bir il sonra 1901-ci ild\u0259 Hilbertin \u00f6z t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si M. Dena t\u0259r\u0259find\u0131n h\u0259ll olundu. Onun i\u015find\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259n eyni h\u0259cimli tetraedrl\u0259r\u0259 misal g\u00f6st\u0259rildi. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 Dena invariant\u0131 adlanan x\u00fcsusi k\u0259miyy\u0259t quruldu ki, bu invariant\u0131n qiym\u0259ti b\u0259rab\u0259r hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259n \u00e7ox\u00fczl\u00fcl\u0259rd\u0259 eyni qiym\u0259t al\u0131r. G\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n misalda eyni h\u0259cimli iki tetrader \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Dena invariant\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qiym\u0259tl\u0259r al\u0131rd\u0131.<br \/>\nSonradan 1965-ci ild\u0259 Saydler g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, h\u0259ciml\u0259rin v\u0259 Dena invariantlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si \u00e7ox\u00fczl\u00fcl\u0259rin b\u0259rab\u0259r sayda b\u0259rab\u0259r fiqurlara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri v\u0259 kafi \u015f\u0259rtdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u018fd\u0259biyyat<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. D.Hilbert Vortrag gehalten auf dem internationalen Matematiker-Kongrez zu Pariz. 1900.<br \/>\n2. D.Hilbert Mathematische Probleme. Archiv f. Math. u. Phys, III s. 1 (1901) 44-63.<br \/>\n3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u041f. \u0421. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041c., \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1969 \u0433. 240 \u0441.<br \/>\n4. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0410. \u0410. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 (100 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f) \u2013 \u041c\u0426\u041d\u041c\u041e, 1999, \u0442-2, 24\u0441.<br \/>\n5. \u0414\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0421.\u0421. \u041a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u0442. \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u041c., \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1966 &#8211; \u211617 \u2013 91-122 \u0441.<br \/>\n6. \u041b\u044f\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0421.\u0418., \u041d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0414. \u0410., \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043d \u042e. \u0418., \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0412.\u0412. \u0414\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb, 2009-192 \u0441.<br \/>\n7. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414. \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0432. 2. \u0422 \/\/ \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u041c, \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b, 1998.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0422.1. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b. \u0410\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2013 575 \u0441.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0422.2. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2013 607 \u0441.<br \/>\n8. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041c.-\u041b.: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442, 1948-\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<br \/>\n9. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0410\u043a\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d. \u0412. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438.\u041c.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 URSS, 2010, 304 \u0441.<br \/>\n10. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441 \u041f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1979, 560 \u0441.<br \/>\n11. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441 \u041f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0422.2. 1982. 656 \u0441.<br \/>\n12. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041a\u043e\u043d-\u0424\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0421. \u041d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041c.-\u041b.: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442 (1951).<br \/>\n13. \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0420. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1933.<br \/>\n14. \u0412\u0435\u0439\u043b\u044c. \u0413. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \/\/ \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1989 \u2013 \u0441 214-256.<br \/>\n15. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0420\u0438\u0434. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 &#8211; \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1977 \u0433.<br \/>\n16. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0410.\u041d. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e- \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8211; \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1975 \u0433. \u2116 20 \u0441 171-197.<br \/>\n17. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0410.\u041d. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434 \/\/ \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \/\/, 1969.<br \/>\n18. \u0410.\u0412.\u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. 1974. 80 \u0441.<br \/>\n19. \u042e.\u0412. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447. \u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u041c. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442., \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430. 1993-223 \u0441.<br \/>\n20. Q.\u015eubert Kalk\u00fcl der abz\u00e4hlenden Geometric, 1879.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>M\u0259nb\u0259:\u00a0Misir M\u0259rdanov, Vidadi Mirz\u0259yev \u201cDavid Hilbert v\u0259 onun 23 problemi\u201d , Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131 X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r M\u0259cmu\u0259si, Cild 4, \u21164, Dekabr 2017-ci il. s\u0259hif\u0259 9-18.<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a9 B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlar qorunur. X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n www.imm.az sayt\u0131na istinad z\u0259ruridir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>David Hilbertin 3-c\u00fc problemi. Problemin qoyulu\u015fu: B\u0259rab\u0259r h\u0259cimli \u00e7ox\u00fczl\u00fcl\u0259ri sonlu sayda b\u0259rab\u0259r (konqruent) v\u0259 k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259y\u0259n fiqurlara ay\u0131rmaq olarm\u0131? M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qoyulu\u015funun \u0259sas\u0131 onda idi ki, m\u00fcst\u0259vi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 bel\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu haqq\u0131nda Bolyayi-Hervin teoremi do\u011frudur. D.Hilbert \u0259slind\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni konqruent tetraedrl\u0259r\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f kimi qoymu\u015fdu. Eyni h\u0259cmli fiqurlar\u0131n b\u0259rab\u0259r sayda b\u0259rab\u0259r tetraedrl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259 bilm\u0259si ehtimal olunurdu. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19978"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19978"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19980,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19978\/revisions\/19980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}