{"id":19981,"date":"2018-07-23T11:54:52","date_gmt":"2018-07-23T07:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=19981"},"modified":"2018-07-20T22:38:12","modified_gmt":"2018-07-20T18:38:12","slug":"david-hilbert-v%c9%99-onun-23-problemi-vi-hiss%c9%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2018\/07\/23\/david-hilbert-v%c9%99-onun-23-problemi-vi-hiss%c9%99\/","title":{"rendered":"DAV\u0130D H\u0130LBERT\u00a0 v\u0259 onun 23 problemi (VI hiss\u0259)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19874\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert-201x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/David-Hilbert.jpg 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/a><strong>David Hilbertin 4-c\u00fc problemi: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fcz x\u0259ttin geodezik oldu\u011fu h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259sviri problemi. Bu problem h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259nin baza probleml\u0259rin\u0259 aiddir. Hilbert Evklid h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sin\u0259 yax\u0131n olan h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259 olaraq Loba\u00e7evski h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sini (hiperbolik h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259) v\u0259 Riman h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sini (elleptik h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259) qeyd edir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc problemi Hilbert bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. \u201cDig\u0259r m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l el\u0259 h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259 qurmaq olarm\u0131 ki, eyni h\u00fcquqla Evklid h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sin\u0259 yax\u0131n h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259 hesab edilsin.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sonradan D.Hilbert problemin \u00e7ox yay\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 qeyri-d\u0259qiq ifad\u0259 edildiyini s\u00f6yl\u0259mi\u015fdir. Bu problem q\u0131sa olaraq bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 edilir: \u201cD\u00fcz x\u0259ttin geodezik \u0259yri oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259svir edin.\u201d (Geodezik \u0259yri iki n\u00f6qt\u0259ni birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u0259n q\u0131sa \u0259yriy\u0259 deyilir.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Problem daha d\u0259qiq olaraq bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 edilir: klassik h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259nin (Evklid, Loba\u00e7evski, Riman) aksiomlar sistemini, yaln\u0131z bucaqlar\u0131n konqruentliyi \u201caksiomunu\u201d \u201c\u00fc\u00e7bucaq b\u0259rab\u0259rsizliyi\u201d aksiomu il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259r\u0259k, izomorfizm d\u0259qiqliyi il\u0259 realiz\u0259 edil\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn aksiomatik sisteml\u0259ri t\u0259svir edin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Problemin h\u0259llini, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r dar \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259, D.Hilbertin t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si Georq Hamel vermi\u015fdir. Sonrak\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir ki, D.Hilbertin qoydu\u011fu problem \u00e7ox geni\u015fdir v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi hallarda konkretl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259lidir. 4-c\u00fc problemin dig\u0259r bax\u0131mdan h\u0259llini rus riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 A.V.Poqorelov vermi\u015fdir. Problem\u0259 dig\u0259r c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259 yana\u015fmalar var. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck qismi problemin tam h\u0259ll olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u018fd\u0259biyyat<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. D.Hilbert Vortrag gehalten auf dem internationalen Matematiker-Kongrez zu Pariz. 1900.<br \/>\n2. D.Hilbert Mathematische Probleme. Archiv f. Math. u. Phys, III s. 1 (1901) 44-63.<br \/>\n3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u041f. \u0421. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041c., \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1969 \u0433. 240 \u0441.<br \/>\n4. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0410. \u0410. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 (100 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f) \u2013 \u041c\u0426\u041d\u041c\u041e, 1999, \u0442-2, 24\u0441.<br \/>\n5. \u0414\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0421.\u0421. \u041a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u0442. \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u041c., \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1966 &#8211; \u211617 \u2013 91-122 \u0441.<br \/>\n6. \u041b\u044f\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0421.\u0418., \u041d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0414. \u0410., \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043d \u042e. \u0418., \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0412.\u0412. \u0414\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb, 2009-192 \u0441.<br \/>\n7. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414. \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0432. 2. \u0422 \/\/ \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u041c, \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b, 1998.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0422.1. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b. \u0410\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2013 575 \u0441.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u0422.2. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2013 607 \u0441.<br \/>\n8. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041c.-\u041b.: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442, 1948-\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<br \/>\n9. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0410\u043a\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d. \u0412. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438.\u041c.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 URSS, 2010, 304 \u0441.<br \/>\n10. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441 \u041f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1979, 560 \u0441.<br \/>\n11. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441 \u041f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0422.2. 1982. 656 \u0441.<br \/>\n12. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041a\u043e\u043d-\u0424\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0421. \u041d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041c.-\u041b.: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442 (1951).<br \/>\n13. \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0420. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1933.<br \/>\n14. \u0412\u0435\u0439\u043b\u044c. \u0413. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \/\/ \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1989 \u2013 \u0441 214-256.<br \/>\n15. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0420\u0438\u0434. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 &#8211; \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1977 \u0433.<br \/>\n16. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0410.\u041d. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e- \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8211; \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1975 \u0433. \u2116 20 \u0441 171-197.<br \/>\n17. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0410.\u041d. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434 \/\/ \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \/\/, 1969.<br \/>\n18. \u0410.\u0412.\u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. 1974. 80 \u0441.<br \/>\n19. \u042e.\u0412. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447. \u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u041c. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442., \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430. 1993-223 \u0441.<br \/>\n20. Q.\u015eubert Kalk\u00fcl der abz\u00e4hlenden Geometric, 1879.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>M\u0259nb\u0259:\u00a0Misir M\u0259rdanov, Vidadi Mirz\u0259yev \u201cDavid Hilbert v\u0259 onun 23 problemi\u201d , Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131 X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r M\u0259cmu\u0259si, Cild 4, \u21164, Dekabr 2017-ci il. s\u0259hif\u0259 9-18.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a9 B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlar qorunur. X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n www.imm.az sayt\u0131na istinad z\u0259ruridir.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>David Hilbertin 4-c\u00fc problemi: D\u00fcz x\u0259ttin geodezik oldu\u011fu h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259sviri problemi. Bu problem h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259nin baza probleml\u0259rin\u0259 aiddir. Hilbert Evklid h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sin\u0259 yax\u0131n olan h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259 olaraq Loba\u00e7evski h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sini (hiperbolik h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259) v\u0259 Riman h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sini (elleptik h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259) qeyd edir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc problemi Hilbert bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. \u201cDig\u0259r m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l el\u0259 h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259 qurmaq olarm\u0131 ki, eyni h\u00fcquqla Evklid h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259sin\u0259 yax\u0131n h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259 hesab [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19981"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19981"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19982,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19981\/revisions\/19982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}