{"id":20128,"date":"2018-08-06T10:04:41","date_gmt":"2018-08-06T06:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=20128"},"modified":"2018-07-20T23:11:12","modified_gmt":"2018-07-20T19:11:12","slug":"david-hilbert-v%c9%99-onun-23-problemi-v-hiss%c9%99-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2018\/08\/06\/david-hilbert-v%c9%99-onun-23-problemi-v-hiss%c9%99-2\/","title":{"rendered":"DAV\u0130D H\u0130LBERT\u00a0 v\u0259 onun 23 problemi (IX hiss\u0259)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

David Hilbertin 8-ci problemi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu sad\u0259 \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olub iki hiss\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir:<\/p>\n

1. Dzeta-funksiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Riman problemi.<\/p>\n

2.Qoldbax problemi.<\/p>\n

Dzeta-funksiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Riman problemi h\u0259llini tapmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 riyaziyyat tarixind\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7\u0259tin probleml\u0259rd\u0259n hesab olunur.
\nRiman dzeta \u2013 funksiyas\u0131 s=\u03c3+it, \u03c3>1 olmaqla
\n\u03be(s)=1\/1^s +1\/2^s +1\/3^s +… (s\u2208C)
\nDrixle s\u0131ras\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 t\u0259yin olunur. \u03c3>1 ({s:Res>1}) oblast\u0131nda verilmi\u015f bu s\u0131ran\u0131n c\u0259mi analitik funksiyad\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn kompleks m\u00fcst\u0259viy\u0259, 1 \u0259d\u0259di xaric olmaqla, analitik davam\u0131 var. Al\u0131nan analitik davam Riman\u0131n dzeta-funksiyas\u0131 adlalan\u0131r.
\nRiman hipotezas\u0131: Riman g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir ki, Res<0 olduqda \u03be(s) funksiyas\u0131 m\u0259nfi tam n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 sad\u0259 s\u0131f\u0131rlara malikdir. 0=\u03be(-2)=\u03be(-4)=\u03be(-6)=… Bu s\u0131f\u0131rlara dzeta funksiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u201ctrivial\u201d s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131 deyilir. s\u2208(0,1) h\u0259qiqi qiym\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 \u03be(s)\u22600. \u03be(s) funksiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u201ctrivial olmayan\u201d s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131 kompleks \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259rdir. Bundan ba\u015fqa bu k\u00f6kl\u0259r h\u0259qiqi oxa v\u0259 Res=1\/2 oxuna n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259n simmetrikdirl\u0259r v\u0259 0\u2264Res\u22641 zola\u011f\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. Riman hipotezas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 bu s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 Res=1\/2 d\u00fcz x\u0259tti \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir.
\nRiyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131lar bel\u0259 hesab edirl\u0259r ki, Riman probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259lli riyaziyyatda dig\u0259r \u00e7oxlu h\u0259ll edilm\u0259mi\u015f m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259llin\u0259 t\u0259kan ver\u0259c\u0259k.
\n8-ci problemin ikinci hiss\u0259si Qoldbax\u0131n binar v\u0259 ternar hipotezalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n1.Binar hipoteza \u2013 4-d\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn c\u00fct \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259ri iki sad\u0259 \u0259d\u0259din c\u0259mi \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar.
\n2.Ternar hipoteza \u2013 7-d\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq ist\u0259nil\u0259n tam \u0259d\u0259di \u00fc\u00e7 sad\u0259 \u0259d\u0259din c\u0259mi \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar.
\nAyd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, binar hipotezadan ternar hipoteza \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.
\nTernar hipotezan\u0131 1937-ci ild\u0259 rus riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u0130van Vinaqradov kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck bir sabiti a\u015fan \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn isbat etmi\u015fdir. Bu \u0259d\u0259d o q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck olmu\u015fdur ki, ondan ki\u00e7ikl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ternar hipotezas\u0131n\u0131 yoxlamaq kompyuterl\u0259r vasit\u0259si il\u0259 bel\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z 2013-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Peru riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Xarald Qelfqotton bu problemi tam h\u0259ll etmi\u015fdir.
\nBinar hipoteza sah\u0259sind\u0259 Vinaqradov isbat etmi\u015fdir ki, \u201csanki\u201d b\u00fct\u00fcn c\u00fct \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259r iki sad\u0259 \u0259d\u0259din c\u0259mi \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Burada \u201csanki\u201d dedikd\u0259, bax\u0131lan par\u00e7an\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu artd\u0131qca bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n (\u0259g\u0259r varsa) c\u00fct \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n dig\u0259r \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259rin say\u0131na nisb\u0259td\u0259 say\u0131 s\u0131fra yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Binar problemin tam h\u0259lli h\u0259l\u0259 ki, tap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fd\u0259biyyat<\/p>\n

1. D.Hilbert Vortrag gehalten auf dem internationalen Matematiker-Kongrez zu Pariz. 1900.
\n2. D.Hilbert Mathematische Probleme. Archiv f. Math. u. Phys, III s. 1 (1901) 44-63.
\n3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u041f. \u0421. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041c., \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1969 \u0433. 240 \u0441.
\n4. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0410. \u0410. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 (100 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f) \u2013 \u041c\u0426\u041d\u041c\u041e, 1999, \u0442-2, 24\u0441.
\n5. \u0414\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0421.\u0421. \u041a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u0442. \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u041c., \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1966 – \u211617 \u2013 91-122 \u0441.
\n6. \u041b\u044f\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0421.\u0418., \u041d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0414. \u0410., \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043d \u042e. \u0418., \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0412.\u0412. \u0414\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb, 2009-192 \u0441.
\n7. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414. \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0432. 2. \u0422 \/\/ \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u041c, \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b, 1998.
\n\u2022 \u0422.1. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b. \u0410\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2013 575 \u0441.
\n\u2022 \u0422.2. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2013 607 \u0441.
\n8. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041c.-\u041b.: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442, 1948-\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.
\n9. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0410\u043a\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d. \u0412. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438.\u041c.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 URSS, 2010, 304 \u0441.
\n10. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441 \u041f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1979, 560 \u0441.
\n11. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441 \u041f. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0422.2. 1982. 656 \u0441.
\n12. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041a\u043e\u043d-\u0424\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0421. \u041d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041c.-\u041b.: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0445\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442 (1951).
\n13. \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0420. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442. \u0414. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1933.
\n14. \u0412\u0435\u0439\u043b\u044c. \u0413. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \/\/ \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1989 \u2013 \u0441 214-256.
\n15. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0420\u0438\u0434. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 – \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1977 \u0433.
\n16. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0410.\u041d. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e- \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f – \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 1975 \u0433. \u2116 20 \u0441 171-197.
\n17. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0410.\u041d. \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434 \/\/ \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \/\/, 1969.
\n18. \u0410.\u0412.\u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. 1974. 80 \u0441.
\n19. \u042e.\u0412. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447. \u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u041c. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442., \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430. 1993-223 \u0441.
\n20. Q.\u015eubert Kalk\u00fcl der abz\u00e4hlenden Geometric, 1879.<\/p>\n

M\u0259nb\u0259:\u00a0Misir M\u0259rdanov, Vidadi Mirz\u0259yev \u201cDavid Hilbert v\u0259 onun 23 problemi\u201d , Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131 X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r M\u0259cmu\u0259si, Cild 4, \u21164, Dekabr 2017-ci il. s\u0259hif\u0259 9-18.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a9 B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlar qorunur. X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n www.imm.az sayt\u0131na istinad z\u0259ruridir.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

David Hilbertin 8-ci problemi. Bu sad\u0259 \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olub iki hiss\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir: 1. Dzeta-funksiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Riman problemi. 2.Qoldbax problemi. Dzeta-funksiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131rlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Riman problemi h\u0259llini tapmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 riyaziyyat tarixind\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7\u0259tin probleml\u0259rd\u0259n hesab olunur. Riman dzeta \u2013 funksiyas\u0131 s=\u03c3+it, \u03c3>1 olmaqla \u03be(s)=1\/1^s +1\/2^s +1\/3^s +… (s\u2208C) Drixle s\u0131ras\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 t\u0259yin olunur. \u03c3>1 ({s:Res>1}) oblast\u0131nda verilmi\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20128"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20128"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20130,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20128\/revisions\/20130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}