{"id":21014,"date":"2018-10-29T13:00:03","date_gmt":"2018-10-29T09:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=21014"},"modified":"2018-10-29T13:42:43","modified_gmt":"2018-10-29T09:42:43","slug":"nuv%c9%99-fizikasinda-donusun-%c9%99sasini-qoyan-avstriyali-fizik-lize-maytner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2018\/10\/29\/nuv%c9%99-fizikasinda-donusun-%c9%99sasini-qoyan-avstriyali-fizik-lize-maytner\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fcv\u0259 fizikas\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyan avstriyal\u0131 fizik – Lize Maytner"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>N\u00fcv\u0259 fizikas\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyan avstriyal\u0131 fizik n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 almad\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya fizika elmin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r ver\u0259n, n\u00fcv\u0259 fizikas\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyan v\u0259 80 il bundan \u00f6nc\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259ri c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n izah ed\u0259n v\u0259 \u201cAvstriyan\u0131n madam K\u00fcrisi\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan avstriyal\u0131 fizik Lize Maytnerin v\u0259fat\u0131ndan 50 il \u00f6t\u00fcr. 1968-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 27-d\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259td\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n L.Maytner elmi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131n bir add\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xsa da, komit\u0259 onu bu m\u00fckafata layiq g\u00f6rm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n

1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Romada italyan fiziki Enriko Fermi \u00f6z eksperimentl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 uran\u0131n neytronlarla bombardman edilm\u0259si t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rini apar\u0131rd\u0131. Bu zaman t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 rast g\u0259linm\u0259y\u0259n daha a\u011f\u0131r elementl\u0259r tapd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcman ed\u0259n alim s\u00fcni yolla \u0259ld\u0259 olunan bu radioaktiv elementl\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 transuran ad\u0131 verir. D\u00f6rd il boyunca he\u00e7 kim bu hipotezin do\u011frulu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 etmir v\u0259 1938-ci il dekabr\u0131n 10-da Nobel komit\u0259si italyan alim\u0259 bu k\u0259\u015ffin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 fizika \u00fczr\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 t\u0259qdim edir (radioaktiv izotoplar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda Ferminin pioner f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti dan\u0131lmazd\u0131r). Lakin c\u0259mi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 h\u0259ft\u0259 sonra y\u0259hudi m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259t\u0259 ged\u0259n Lize Maytner n\u0259z\u0259ri \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 izah edir ki, \u0130taliya n\u00fcv\u0259 fizikas\u0131n\u0131n Prometeyi hesab olunan E.Fermi d\u00fcnyan\u0131 heyr\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n eksperimentl\u0259rini yanl\u0131\u015f interpretasiya edib v\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 yeni elementl\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259yib, \u201csad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq\u201d uran\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irib.<\/p>\n

H\u0259l\u0259 Berlin Universitetind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n alman aliml\u0259ri Otto Hahn v\u0259 Frits \u015etrassmann il\u0259 birg\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar aparan L.Maytner 1938-ci ild\u0259 alman nasizmind\u0259n qa\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0130sve\u00e7\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Burada berlinli h\u0259mkarlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259ktubla\u015fan \u0259sl\u0259n avstriyal\u0131 fizik onlar\u0131n t\u0259dqiqat i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 qiyabi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015ftirak edir. Alman aliml\u0259ri uran n\u00fcv\u0259sinin neytonlarla bombardman edilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u0259ld\u0259 olunan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif y\u00fckl\u00fc elementl\u0259rin tam izah\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259 bilmirl\u0259r v\u0259 O.Hahn \u00f6z m\u0259ktublar\u0131nda L.Maytnerd\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259ri izahat xahi\u015f edir. 1938-ci il Milad ax\u015fam\u0131 qohumu v\u0259 fizik Otto Robert Fri\u015f il\u0259 g\u0259zintiy\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan L.Maytner onunla apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 diskussiya zaman\u0131 he\u00e7 d\u0259 yeni elementl\u0259rin \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259diyini, bu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na nail olundu\u011funu s\u00fcbuta yetirir v\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259ri izahat\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131r. Par\u00e7alanma zaman\u0131 neytronlar\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k templ\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin 200 meqaelektonvolt oldu\u011fu q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n alim m\u00fcasir hesablamalara \u00e7ox yax\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259 al\u0131r, Berlind\u0259ki t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 fizika qanunlar\u0131 il\u0259 izahat verir. 1939-cu ild\u0259 alim neytronlar\u0131n t\u0259siri il\u0259 uran\u0131n n\u00fcv\u0259sinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 (iri q\u0259lp\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si) haqq\u0131nda t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr\u00fc elmi \u0259saslarla isbat edir.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Lize Maytner v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 alim h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 fizika elmind\u0259 ciddi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u0259 nail olurlar. Lakin 1945-ci ild\u0259 Nobel komit\u0259si bu elmi nailiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 yaln\u0131z Otto Hahn\u0131 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131na layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcr. S\u0259b\u0259b kimi is\u0259 L.Maytnerin t\u0259dqiqatlarda birba\u015fa i\u015ftirak etm\u0259m\u0259si, dig\u0259r aliml\u0259rin is\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 rol oynamamalar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rildi. Bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131 is\u0259 bu add\u0131m\u0131 XIX-XX \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n kimya v\u0259 fizika sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7ox az olmalar\u0131, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 elmi dair\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bir qad\u0131n\u0131n fizika sah\u0259sind\u0259 Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 ala bil\u0259c\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 elmi k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259r etm\u0259sini qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcn saymalar\u0131 il\u0259 izah edir.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn elm ictimaiyy\u0259ti Nobel komit\u0259sinin qeyri-d\u00fczg\u00fcn q\u0259rar verdiyin\u0259 \u0259min olsa da, bu, onun elm al\u0259min\u0259 verdiyi t\u00f6hf\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6lg\u0259 salm\u0131r. Mendeleyevin elementl\u0259rin d\u00f6vri sistemind\u0259ki 109-cu element L.Maytnerin \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 Meytnerium (Mt) adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fcv\u0259 fizikas\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyan avstriyal\u0131 fizik n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Nobel m\u00fckafat\u0131 almad\u0131? D\u00fcnya fizika elmin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r ver\u0259n, n\u00fcv\u0259 fizikas\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyan v\u0259 80 il bundan \u00f6nc\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259ri c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n izah ed\u0259n v\u0259 \u201cAvstriyan\u0131n madam K\u00fcrisi\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan avstriyal\u0131 fizik Lize Maytnerin v\u0259fat\u0131ndan 50 il \u00f6t\u00fcr. 1968-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 27-d\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259td\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21014"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21014"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21016,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21014\/revisions\/21016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}