F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc passiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 soyutmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f \u0259rim\u0259y\u0259 davaml\u0131 n\u00fcv\u0259 reaktorunun ilk tam miqyasl\u0131 t\u0259tbiqi u\u011furlu olmu\u015fdur. Art\u0131q atom elektrik stansiyalar\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259sas risk aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.N\u00fcv\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck miqdarda istilik ayr\u0131l\u0131r ki, bu da elektrik enerjisi istehsal\u0131nda faydal\u0131d\u0131r, lakin eyni zamanda da reaksiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn risk yarad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259 reaktorlar\u0131nda reaksiyadan istiliyi \u00e7\u0131xaran daxili soyutma mexanizml\u0259ri var. \u018fg\u0259r bel\u0259 bir mexanizm yoxdursa, reaktor h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q istil\u0259\u015f\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259tta partlaya bil\u0259r. Son d\u0259f\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r bir soyutma mexanizmi nasazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2011-ci ild\u0259 Fukushima atom elektrik stansiyas\u0131nda ba\u015f vermi\u015f v\u0259 \u0259rim\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdi. Bu \u0259rim\u0259nin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 h\u0259r c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n f\u0259lak\u0259tli bir hadis\u0259 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n
Elm adamlar\u0131, o vaxtdan b\u0259ri passiv soyudulan v\u0259 t\u0259bii soyutma \u00fcsullar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n n\u00fcv\u0259 reaktoru yaratma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u00c7inli aliml\u0259r, bu ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n ilkin b\u0259hr\u0259sini art\u0131q al\u0131blar. \u00c7ind\u0259ki irimiqyasl\u0131 atom elektrik stansiyas\u0131, h\u0259tta xarici enerji itkisi zaman\u0131 bel\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li \u0259rim\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 tam davaml\u0131 olan d\u00fcnyada ilk atom elektrik stansiyas\u0131 olub. Dizayn m\u00f6vcud n\u00fcv\u0259 reaktorlar\u0131na uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bilm\u0259z, lakin bu, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k reaktorlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vacib se\u00e7im ola bil\u0259r. \u00c7\u0131nq\u0131l yataql\u0131 reaktor (PBR) adlanan nisb\u0259t\u0259n yeni reaktor dizayn\u0131n\u0131n passiv t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz olmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri var. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, soyutma sisteml\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn enerji k\u0259sil\u0259rs\u0259 v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa nasazl\u0131q ba\u015f ver\u0259rs\u0259, reaktor t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Bir \u00e7ox dig\u0259r reaktor dizaynlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kimi y\u00fcks\u0259k enerji s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan yanacaq \u00e7ubuqlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, PBR-l\u0259r yanacaq kimi qrafitl\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015f az miqdarda uran olan \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 enerji s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u201c\u00e7\u0131nq\u0131llardan\u201d istifad\u0259 edir. Bu, n\u00fcv\u0259 reaksiyas\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatma\u011fa v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturlara tab g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Bu yana\u015fma 2 m\u00fch\u00fcm \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u0259tirir. Birincisi, n\u00fcv\u0259 par\u00e7alanma reaksiyas\u0131 adi reaktordan daha yava\u015f ba\u015f verir v\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k temperatura daha uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t davam ed\u0259 bilir. \u0130kinci \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck is\u0259 ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, proses zaman\u0131 yaranan art\u0131q istilik daha b\u00f6y\u00fck yanacaq sah\u0259sin\u0259 paylan\u0131r v\u0259 ke\u00e7iricilik v\u0259 konveksiya kimi passiv v\u0259 ya enerji s\u0259rf etm\u0259y\u0259n \u00fcsullardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 soyudula bil\u0259r. Almaniya v\u0259 \u00c7ind\u0259 ki\u00e7ik i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n prototip reaktorlar tikils\u0259 d\u0259, he\u00e7 bir tam miqyasl\u0131 PBR-nin i\u015fl\u0259diyi v\u0259 passiv t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259mi\u015fdir. \u00c7inin Tsinghua Universitetinin aliml\u0259ri, sistemin Shandong-dak\u0131 High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (HTR-PM) adl\u0131 atom elektrik stansiyas\u0131nda, tam miqyasda i\u015fl\u0259diyini n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdiribl\u0259r. Qo\u015fa reaktor konstruksiyas\u0131 olan bu qur\u011fuda, n\u00fcv\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259r biri 105 MVt g\u00fcc istehsal ed\u0259 bilir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu tipd\u0259ki ilk elektrik stansiyas\u0131 olan HTR-PM, 4-c\u00fc N\u0259sil bir dizayn olaraq q\u0259bul olunur. \u0130ki reaktor 210 MW (210 MWe) elektrik enerjisi istehsal etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir buxar turbinin\u0259 qo\u015fulmu\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir. Bu arada h\u0259r reaktor 400 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0131nq\u0131lla y\u00fckl\u0259nir. H\u0259r \u00e7\u0131nq\u0131l\u0131n diametri 60 mm-dir v\u0259 qrafitl\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmu\u015f az miqdarda uran-235 il\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir. Bununla bel\u0259, ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, rektorlar ki\u00e7ik (SMR – Small modular reactor) struktura malikdirl\u0259r. Y\u0259ni reaktorun \u00f6z\u00fc zavodda istehsal olunur v\u0259 tikinti sah\u0259sin\u0259 da\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. T\u0259bii ki, \u00c7inin bu u\u011furu q\u0131sa zamanda \u0259ld\u0259 olunmay\u0131b. Layih\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rini bir k\u0259nara qoyaraq, m\u00fcvafiq HTR-PM elektrik stansiyas\u0131n\u0131n tikintisin\u0259 2016-c\u0131 ild\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 2023-c\u00fc ilin dekabr\u0131nda is\u0259 kommersiya f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b. Sistemi s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn komanda, HTR-PM-nin h\u0259r iki modulunu tam g\u00fccd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n ba\u011flay\u0131b v\u0259 reaktorun daxilind\u0259ki temperatur h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rini izl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b. Aliml\u0259r, HTR-PM-nin t\u0259bii \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 soyudu\u011funu v\u0259 elektrik enerjisi \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra 35 saat \u0259rzind\u0259 sabit bir temperatura \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edibl\u0259r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin t\u0259cili soyutma sisteminin he\u00e7 bir m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b texnologiyadan as\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz oldu\u011fu da vurulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/technote.az<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc passiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 soyutmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f \u0259rim\u0259y\u0259 davaml\u0131 n\u00fcv\u0259 reaktorunun ilk tam miqyasl\u0131 t\u0259tbiqi u\u011furlu olmu\u015fdur. Art\u0131q atom elektrik stansiyalar\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259sas risk aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.N\u00fcv\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck miqdarda istilik ayr\u0131l\u0131r ki, bu da elektrik enerjisi istehsal\u0131nda faydal\u0131d\u0131r, lakin eyni zamanda da reaksiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn risk yarad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259 reaktorlar\u0131nda reaksiyadan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213738"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213738"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":213740,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213738\/revisions\/213740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=213738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=213738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}