Aliml\u0259r, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturda ba\u015f ver\u0259n superke\u00e7iricilik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kritik bir proses k\u0259\u015ff edibl\u0259r. Bu k\u0259\u015ff, otaq temperaturunda superke\u00e7iricil\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
Aliml\u0259r, superke\u00e7iriciliyin ba\u015f verm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri olan kritik prosesi, ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturda\u00a0m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edibl\u0259r. Bu k\u0259\u015ff, elektrikli izolyasiya ed\u0259n bir materialda ba\u015f verib v\u0259 elektronlar\u0131n c\u00fctl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 123\u00a0d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 Selsi<\/strong>\u00a0h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 temperaturda bel\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini ortaya qoyub. Bu proses,\u00a0superke\u00e7irici materiallarda dem\u0259k olar ki, itkisiz elektrik ax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0a\u00e7arlar\u0131ndan biri hesab olunur.<\/p>\n Fizikl\u0259r, bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin niy\u0259 ba\u015f verdiyini h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259qiq ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u0259 bilm\u0259yibl\u0259r. Lakin bu sirri h\u0259ll etm\u0259k otaq temperaturunda olan superke\u00e7iricil\u0259ri tapma\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ara\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n h\u0259mm\u00fc\u0259llifi v\u0259\u00a0Stenford Universitetinin\u00a0t\u0259tbiqi fizika \u00fczr\u0259 doktorant\u0131\u00a0Ke-Jun Xu<\/strong>\u00a0deyib:\u00a0“Elektron c\u00fctl\u0259ri biz\u0259 superke\u00e7irici olma\u011fa haz\u0131r olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 bildirirl\u0259r, lakin bir \u015fey onlara mane olur<\/em>“.\u00a0T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r bu c\u00fctl\u0259ri sinxronla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni bir yol tapa bils\u0259k, ondan daha y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n superke\u00e7iricil\u0259r yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Superke\u00e7iricilik, elektronlar\u0131n materialda h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259rk\u0259n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dal\u011falardan ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 temperaturda bu dal\u011falar, atom n\u00fcv\u0259l\u0259rini bir-birin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kir v\u0259 ikinci elektronu birinci elektrona c\u0259lb ed\u0259n c\u00fczi bir y\u00fck s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Normalda 2 m\u0259nfi y\u00fck\u00fcn bir-birini d\u0259f etm\u0259si g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir, lakin burada q\u0259rib\u0259 bir \u015fey ba\u015f verir: Elektronlar “Cooper c\u00fct\u00fc<\/strong>” adlanan bir qurulu\u015f meydana g\u0259tirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n Bilm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Cooper c\u00fct\u00fc, super ke\u00e7iricilikd\u0259 \u0259sas anlay\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Normalda 2 elektronun eyni bo\u015fluqda olmas\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tindir, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar bir-birini it\u0259l\u0259yirl\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u0259r ikisi m\u0259nfi y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Lakin \u00e7ox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 temperaturda madd\u0259d\u0259ki elektronlar atom n\u00fcv\u0259l\u0259rinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 cazib\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n c\u00fct-c\u00fct h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259 bilir. Bu c\u00fctl\u0259r\u0259 Cooper c\u00fctl\u0259ri deyilir. Cooper c\u00fctl\u0259ri, material\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 enerji itkisi olmadan h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 super ke\u00e7iricilik adl\u0131 bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yarad\u0131r. Bu birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259, superke\u00e7irici materiallara elektrik c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcqavim\u0259tsiz ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.\u00a01911-ci ild\u0259 <\/strong>holland fiziki\u00a0Heike Kamerlingh Onnes <\/strong>t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edil\u0259n ilk superke\u00e7iricil\u0259r, dem\u0259k olar ki, m\u00fctl\u0259q s\u0131f\u0131rda (t\u0259xmin\u0259n -273 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259) s\u0131f\u0131r elektrik m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7id edirdi. Lakin\u00a01986-c\u0131 ild\u0259<\/strong>\u00a0mis \u0259sasl\u0131 bir material olan kuprat, nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k\u00a0-135 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 temperaturda <\/strong>superke\u00e7irici ola bilib. Fizikl\u0259r, bu k\u0259\u015ffin otaq temperaturunda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n superke\u00e7iricil\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olaca\u011f\u0131na \u00fcmid edirdil\u0259r, lakin bu proses g\u00f6zl\u0259nildiyi kimi getm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n Yeni ara\u015fd\u0131rma aparan elm adamlar\u0131, neodimium serium mis oksidi adl\u0131 kuprat \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131blar. Bu material\u0131n maksimum superke\u00e7irici temperaturu kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r a\u015fa\u011f\u0131, y\u0259ni -248 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259<\/strong> oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259km\u0259mi\u015fdir. Lakin t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar, bu material\u0131n s\u0259thin\u0259 ultrab\u0259n\u00f6v\u015f\u0259yi \u015f\u00fcalar\u00a0tutduqlar\u0131 zaman g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131blar. Normalda, i\u015f\u0131q paketl\u0259ri kuprata d\u0259ydikd\u0259 v\u0259 c\u00fctl\u0259\u015fm\u0259mi\u015f elektronlar\u0131 da\u015f\u0131d\u0131qda, bu elektronlar materialdan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r v\u0259 material \u00e7ox enerji itirir. Bununla bel\u0259, Cooper c\u00fctl\u0259rind\u0259ki elektronlar, buna m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 material yaln\u0131z az miqdarda enerji itirir. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar, bu yeni materialda enerji bo\u015flu\u011funun 150 K-a q\u0259d\u0259r davam etdiyini v\u0259 bu c\u00fctl\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin elektrik ax\u0131n\u0131na \u0259n davaml\u0131 olan n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc oldu\u011funu tapd\u0131lar. Bu onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, kuprat\u0131n otaq temperaturunda superke\u00e7irici olma ehtimal\u0131 az olsa da, bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti h\u0259ll etm\u0259yin yollar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda ipucular\u0131 ehtiva bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n technote.az<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Aliml\u0259r, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturda ba\u015f ver\u0259n superke\u00e7iricilik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kritik bir proses k\u0259\u015ff edibl\u0259r. Bu k\u0259\u015ff, otaq temperaturunda superke\u00e7iricil\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r. Aliml\u0259r, superke\u00e7iriciliyin ba\u015f verm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri olan kritik prosesi, ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k temperaturda\u00a0m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edibl\u0259r. Bu k\u0259\u015ff, elektrikli izolyasiya ed\u0259n bir materialda ba\u015f verib v\u0259 elektronlar\u0131n c\u00fctl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 123\u00a0d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 Selsi\u00a0h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213804"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213804"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":213808,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213804\/revisions\/213808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=213804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=213804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}