Nils Henri Abel 5 avqust 1802-ci ild\u0259 Norve\u00e7in Finn\u00f6y adas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Ail\u0259si kas\u0131b idi v\u0259 erk\u0259n ya\u015flar\u0131nda atas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra ail\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Buna baxmayaraq, onun istedad\u0131 gimnaziya m\u00fc\u0259llimi Bernt Holmboe t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edilir v\u0259 Abelin elmi inki\u015faf\u0131nda Holmboe-nin d\u0259st\u0259yi h\u0259lledici rol oynay\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Abel 1821-ci ild\u0259 Kristianiya Universitetind\u0259 (indiki Oslo Universiteti) t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 burada \u00fcst\u00fcn riyazi bacar\u0131qlar\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir. \u018fsrin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Avropa riyaziyyat\u0131nda dominant olan Fransa m\u0259kt\u0259bi il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131q onun n\u0259z\u0259ri istiqam\u0259tini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n
Abelin riyaziyyata ilk b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259si kvintik (be\u015finci d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li) t\u0259nlikl\u0259rin \u00fcmumi h\u0259llinin kvadrat k\u00f6kl\u0259rl\u0259 ifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut etm\u0259si olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
\u018fsrl\u0259r boyu riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131lar ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc v\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li t\u0259nlikl\u0259rin k\u00f6kl\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259ll yollar\u0131n\u0131 tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Be\u015finci v\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li t\u0259nlikl\u0259rin d\u0259 ox\u015far \u00fcsullarla h\u0259ll olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259hdl\u0259r edilirdi. Lakin bu problemin qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu yaln\u0131z Abel t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1824-c\u00fc ild\u0259 s\u00fcbut olunmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n
Onun bu n\u0259tic\u0259si sonradan Galois n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si il\u0259 daha \u00fcmumi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Lakin Galois-d\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l bu n\u0259tic\u0259ni tam v\u0259 ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ilk s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs m\u0259hz Abel idi.<\/p>\n
Abel yaln\u0131z c\u0259bir sah\u0259sind\u0259 deyil, riyazi analizd\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck yenilikl\u0259r etmi\u015fdir. O, elliptik inteqrallar sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n yeni funksiyalar sinfi \u2014 abelian funksiyalar \u2014 il\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Bu funksiyalar bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259nli kompleks analiz v\u0259 topologiyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u0259sas rola malik olmu\u015f, 19-cu v\u0259 20-ci \u0259sr riyaziyyat\u0131nda bir \u00e7ox sah\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sir etmi\u015fdir. Abelin bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r sonradan Jacobi, Riemann v\u0259 Weierstrass kimi aliml\u0259rin t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131na z\u0259min yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Abelin Riyaziyyatda \u018fsas Nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00a0Abel Teoremi:kompleks analizd\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri olan bu teorem, potensiallar v\u0259 inteqral \u00e7evirm\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu teorem elliptik v\u0259 abelian funksiyalar n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n
Abelian Qruplar: onun ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan abelian qruplar (kommutativ qruplar) riyazi strukturlar aras\u0131nda \u0259n fundamental anlay\u0131\u015flardan biridir. \u018fg\u0259r qrupun \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 a\u22c5b=b\u22c5aa \\cdot b = b \\cdot aa\u22c5b=b\u22c5a formas\u0131nda kommutativdirs\u0259, bu zaman qrup abelian<\/em> adlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Abel, sonsuz c\u0259ml\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7ox sayda m\u00fch\u00fcm n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Onun bu sah\u0259d\u0259 verdiyi Abel m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rma prinsipi v\u0259 Abel testl\u0259ri bug\u00fcn d\u0259 analizd\u0259 geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq olunur.<\/p>\n Abelin h\u0259yat\u0131 boyunca maliyy\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri onun elmi potensial\u0131n\u0131 tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131rmas\u0131na mane olmu\u015fdur. 1825\u20131827-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Avropaya elmi s\u0259yah\u0259t ets\u0259 d\u0259, \u00e7ox az d\u0259st\u0259k ald\u0131. Paris\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi \u0259sas \u0259s\u0259ri \u2013 “M\u00e9moire sur une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d’une classe tr\u00e8s \u00e9tendue de fonctions transcendantes” (Abelian funksiyalar haqq\u0131nda m\u0259\u015fhur m\u0259qal\u0259) m\u0259\u015fhur riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131 Cauchy t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00f6zd\u0259n yay\u0131nm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t d\u0259rc olunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu gecikm\u0259 onun beyn\u0259lxalq tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 l\u0259ngitdi v\u0259 ciddi maddi s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lara s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n N.H.Abel\u00a0 26 ya\u015f\u0131nda, 6 aprel 1829-cu ild\u0259 v\u0259r\u0259m x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259n v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra, t\u0259dric\u0259n d\u00fcnya aliml\u0259ri onun i\u015fl\u0259rinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini anlam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 onun riyaziyyatdak\u0131 d\u0259rin t\u0259siri q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n 2003-c\u00fc ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n Norve\u00e7 Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259qdim olunan Abel M\u00fckafat\u0131 (Abel Prize), riyaziyyat sah\u0259sind\u0259ki \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u00fckafatlardan biridir. Bu m\u00fckafat Abelin ad\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131r v\u0259 onun yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qalan elmi missiyas\u0131n\u0131 simvolik olaraq davam etdirir. M\u00fckafat, \u00e7ox vaxt “riyaziyyat\u0131n Nobeli” adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259r il d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na t\u0259qdim olunur.<\/p>\n Nils Henri Abel \u2013 q\u0131sa, lakin d\u0259rin elmi \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, riyaziyyat\u0131n \u0259sas sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yeni n\u0259f\u0259s g\u0259tirmi\u015f nadir aliml\u0259rd\u0259ndir. Onun i\u015fl\u0259ri yaln\u0131z XIX \u0259sr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qoruyur. Riyazi analiz, c\u0259bir v\u0259 kompleks d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259nl\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sind\u0259 onun qoydu\u011fu t\u0259m\u0259l prinsipl\u0259r, m\u00fcasir elmin inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynama\u011fa davam edir.<\/p>\n