Vilyam Roven Hamilton (ing.Uilyam Rouan Hamilton) \u0130rlandiyal\u0131 riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131, fizik v\u0259 astronom olmu\u015fdur. O, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 kvaternionlar\u0131n ixtiras\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r. Onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri klassik mexanika, optika, v\u0259 riyazi analiz sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259rin iz buraxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Hamiltonun i\u015fl\u0259ri riyaziyyat\u0131n strukturunu d\u0259yi\u015fdirmi\u015f v\u0259 m\u00fcasir fizikaya \u2013 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 kvant mexanikas\u0131na \u2013 n\u0259z\u0259ri baza t\u0259min etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
Hamilton 4 avqust 1805 \u2013 2 sentyabr 1805-ci ild\u0259 Dublin \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdur. Erk\u0259n ya\u015flar\u0131ndan qeyri-adi intellektual bacar\u0131qlara malik idi. H\u0259l\u0259 u\u015faq ik\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 dili (lat\u0131nca, yunan, y\u0259hudi, \u0259r\u0259b, sanskrit, fars, \u0130talyan v\u0259 dig\u0259r dill\u0259r daxil olmaqla) m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdi. Onun riyaziyyata mara\u011f\u0131 daha sonra inki\u015faf etdi v\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259ki istedad\u0131 q\u0131sa zamanda diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kdi.<\/p>\n
1823-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Trinity College, Dublin-\u0259 daxil olan Hamilton, burada h\u0259m klassik dill\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 riyaziyyat \u00fczr\u0259 t\u0259hsil ald\u0131 v\u0259 daha t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 ik\u0259n \u00f6z elmi nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hamiltonun ilk b\u00f6y\u00fck elmi i\u015fi optika sah\u0259sin\u0259 aid idi. O, i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n trayektoriyas\u0131n\u0131 variasiya prinsipin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n izah ed\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 t\u0259klif etdi. Bu, Fermat prinsipin\u0259 riyazi yana\u015fman\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259, Hamilton optikada dal\u011fa v\u0259 \u015f\u00fca n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Onun optikaya dair \u0259sas \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biri “Theory of Systems of Rays”<\/strong> adlan\u0131r. Bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 o, “characteristic function” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n Hamiltonun \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri klassik mexanikaya verdiyi Hamilton mexanikas\u0131<\/strong> adl\u0131 riyazi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259dir. Bu sistemd\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t t\u0259nlikl\u0259ri Hamilton funksiyas\u0131 (H)<\/strong> \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n ifad\u0259 olunur:<\/p>\n Hamiltonun \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur v\u0259 innovativ ixtiras\u0131 kvaternionlar<\/strong> olmu\u015fdur. Kvaternionlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc vektorlar\u0131 f\u0131rlatmaq v\u0259 manipulyasiya etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni riyazi obyektl\u0259rdir. 1843-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Hamilton bu ixtiran\u0131 Dublin \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259ki Brougham k\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u0259z\u0259rk\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff etmi\u015f v\u0259 formulu k\u00f6rp\u00fcn\u00fcn da\u015f\u0131na h\u0259kk etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n Kvaternionlar 19-cu \u0259srd\u0259 geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq sah\u0259si tapmasa da, 20-ci \u0259srd\u0259 \u2013 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 komp\u00fcter qrafikas\u0131, robototexnika, naviqasiya sisteml\u0259ri v\u0259 3D modell\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 kimi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynama\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Hamilton, 22 ya\u015f\u0131nda Trinity College-d\u0259 astronomiya \u00fczr\u0259 Andrews professoru t\u0259yin edildi. Bu v\u0259zif\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Dublin R\u0259s\u0259dxanas\u0131n\u0131n direktoru v\u0259zif\u0259sini d\u0259 icra edirdi. Onun elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Kral C\u0259miyy\u0259tinin m\u00fckafatlar\u0131, Royal Astronomical Society v\u0259 dig\u0259r beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259\u015fkilatlardan m\u00fckafat v\u0259 t\u0259ltifl\u0259r alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hamiltonun irsi riyaziyyat v\u0259 fizikan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 hiss olunur. X\u00fcsusil\u0259: analitik mexanika<\/strong> sah\u0259sind\u0259 verdiyi t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcasir fizikada t\u0259m\u0259l rol oynay\u0131r,kvant mexanikas\u0131nda<\/strong> Hamiltonian operator anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0259sas anlay\u0131\u015flardan biridir,diferensial h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259<\/strong>, topologiya<\/strong> v\u0259 riyazi fizika<\/strong> sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 onun n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259m\u0259l strukturlar yarad\u0131b. Kvaternionlar bug\u00fcn 3D komp\u00fcter animasiyas\u0131<\/strong>, aviasiya<\/strong>, m\u00fch\u0259ndislik<\/strong>, h\u0259tta mobil texnologiyalar<\/strong> sah\u0259sind\u0259 geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq olunur.<\/p>\n Vilyam Roven Hamilton \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc qabaqlayan v\u0259 riyaziyyat\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini geni\u015fl\u0259ndir\u0259n nadir aliml\u0259rd\u0259n biri olmu\u015fdur. Onun n\u0259z\u0259ri ixtiralar\u0131 yaln\u0131z akademik dair\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 deyil, praktiki texnologiyada da \u00f6z t\u0259sirini davam etdirir. Hamiltonun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri riyaziyyat\u0131n estetik v\u0259 funksional g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bir araya g\u0259tir\u0259n nadir n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ndir.<\/p>\n