{"id":217615,"date":"2025-08-21T12:29:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T08:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=217615"},"modified":"2025-08-22T14:32:16","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T10:32:16","slug":"riyaziyyatin-%c9%99saslarini-formalasdiran-n%c9%99h%c9%99ng-alim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2025\/08\/21\/riyaziyyatin-%c9%99saslarini-formalasdiran-n%c9%99h%c9%99ng-alim\/","title":{"rendered":"Riyaziyyat\u0131n \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131ran n\u0259h\u0259ng alim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Lui Oqustin Ko\u015fi<\/strong> (Augustin-Louis Cauchy) 21 avqust 1789-cu ild\u0259 Fransan\u0131n Paris \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lmi\u015f v\u0259 19-cu \u0259sr riyaziyyat elminin \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu simalar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. O, yaln\u0131z \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcn riyaziyyat tarixi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259si say\u0131lan fundamental k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. Ko\u015finin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri, t\u0259kc\u0259 riyaziyyat\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rin\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m\u00e7inin t\u0259tbiqi riyaziyyat v\u0259 fizikan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259rin t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Ko\u015fi z\u0259ngin v\u0259 ziyal\u0131 ail\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Atas\u0131 Parisd\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 Ko\u015finin u\u015faql\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fc Frans\u0131z \u0130nqilab\u0131 ill\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf etdiyind\u0259n ail\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Parisd\u0259n uzaqla\u015fmal\u0131 olmu\u015fdu. O, \u00c9cole Centrale du Panth\u00e9on v\u0259 daha sonra Fransan\u0131n \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan <strong>\u00c9cole Polytechnique<\/strong>-d\u0259 t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada o, dahi aliml\u0259r \u2014 Laplas, Lajranj v\u0259 Furye kimi m\u0259\u015fhurlar\u0131n t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131cda Ko\u015fi m\u00fch\u0259ndis kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, lakin \u00e7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n diqq\u0259tini tamamil\u0259 riyazi t\u0259dqiqatlara y\u00f6n\u0259ltmi\u015fdir. Onun ilk b\u00f6y\u00fck elmi u\u011furlar\u0131ndan biri <strong>Poliedr teoremi<\/strong> (Ko\u015fi teoremi) olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Ko\u015finin elmi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti inan\u0131lmaz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar olmu\u015fdur. O, \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu 800-d\u0259n \u00e7ox elmi m\u0259qal\u0259 v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 cildlik d\u0259rslikl\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun t\u0259dqiqat sah\u0259l\u0259ri bunlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>Ko\u015fi riyazi analiz\u0259 ciddi \u0259saslar ver\u0259n ilk aliml\u0259rd\u0259ndir. O, limit, ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q, yax\u0131nla\u015fma v\u0259 fasil\u0259sizlik anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 formal \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 izah etmi\u015fdir. M\u0259\u015fhur <strong>Ko\u015fi ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 analiz kurslar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259l m\u00f6vzular\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sah\u0259nin banil\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 m\u0259hz Ko\u015fidir. O, <strong>Ko\u015fi inteqral teoremi<\/strong> v\u0259 <strong>Ko\u015fi inteqral formulu<\/strong> il\u0259 kompleks d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259nl\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sas anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 qurmu\u015fdur. Bu n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r, sonralar kompleks funksiyalar\u0131n d\u0259rin t\u0259dqiqat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn baza rolunu oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Alim h\u0259m\u00e7inin elastiklik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259, riyazi fizika t\u0259nlikl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 mexaniki sisteml\u0259rin sabitlik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259 ciddi t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r vermi\u015fdir. Onun elastik b\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 dair t\u0259nlikl\u0259ri bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 m\u00fch\u0259ndislikd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n<p>Ko\u015fi, h\u0259m\u00e7inin riyazi qrup anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6n\u0259mli rol oynam\u0131\u015f, qrup n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259 dair erk\u0259n konseptual yana\u015fmalar t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Ko\u015finin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di riyaziyyat\u0131n ciddi v\u0259 m\u0259ntiqi \u0259saslarla qurulmas\u0131 idi. Onun d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 riyaziyyat\u0131n b\u0259zi sah\u0259l\u0259ri daha \u00e7ox intuitiv yana\u015fmalara \u0259saslan\u0131rd\u0131. Ko\u015fi, bu yana\u015fmalar\u0131n yerin\u0259 riyaziyyat\u0131n d\u0259qiq, s\u00fcbutlara \u0259saslanan, s\u0259rt formal sisteml\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi. Bu yana\u015fma sonradan Karl Veier\u015ftrass v\u0259 David Hilbert kimi dig\u0259r riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n<p>1830-cu ild\u0259 Fransada ba\u015f vermi\u015f \u0130yul \u0130nqilab\u0131 Ko\u015finin h\u0259yat\u0131na da t\u0259sir etdi. Monarxiyaya sadiq olan Ko\u015fi inqilabdan sonra v\u0259zif\u0259sini t\u0259rk etdi v\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0130sve\u00e7, \u0130taliya v\u0259 Prussiyada ya\u015fad\u0131. O, dindar katolik idi v\u0259 bu inanclar\u0131 onun h\u0259yat t\u0259rzin\u0259 v\u0259 b\u0259zi elmi yana\u015fmalar\u0131na da \u0259ks olunmu\u015fdu. Buna baxmayaraq, Ko\u015fi elmd\u0259 obyektivliyi v\u0259 d\u0259qiqliyi daim \u00f6n planda saxlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Lui Oqustin Ko\u015fi 23 may 1857-ci ild\u0259 Parisd\u0259 v\u0259fat etmi\u015fdir. Onun ad\u0131 bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 riyaziyyat d\u0259rslikl\u0259rind\u0259, elmi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq konfranslarda h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 an\u0131l\u0131r. Riyaziyyat tarixind\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259r Ko\u015fi q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox teorem v\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015fla \u00f6z ad\u0131n\u0131 \u0259b\u0259dil\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Lui Oqustin Ko\u015fi t\u0259kc\u0259 riyaziyyat tarixin\u0259 deyil, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 elmin inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259sir etmi\u015f dahi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tdir. Onun qoydu\u011fu \u0259saslar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 19 v\u0259 20-ci \u0259sr riyaziyyat\u0131 qurulmu\u015fdur. Riyaziyyat\u0131n formalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 Ko\u015finin rolu misilsizdir. O, h\u0259m klassik, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcasir riyaziyyat\u0131n qurucular\u0131ndan biri hesab olunur.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk\/Biographies\/Cauchy\/\">mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lui Oqustin Ko\u015fi (Augustin-Louis Cauchy) 21 avqust 1789-cu ild\u0259 Fransan\u0131n Paris \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lmi\u015f v\u0259 19-cu \u0259sr riyaziyyat elminin \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu simalar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. O, yaln\u0131z \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcn riyaziyyat tarixi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259si say\u0131lan fundamental k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifidir. Ko\u015finin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri, t\u0259kc\u0259 riyaziyyat\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259ri aspektl\u0259rin\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m\u00e7inin t\u0259tbiqi riyaziyyat v\u0259 fizikan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":217616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=217615"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":217618,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217615\/revisions\/217618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/217616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=217615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=217615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=217615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}