{"id":43650,"date":"2023-03-09T10:39:52","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T06:39:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=43650"},"modified":"2023-03-09T10:39:53","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T06:39:53","slug":"bunlari-bilm%c9%99k-maraqlidir-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2023\/03\/09\/bunlari-bilm%c9%99k-maraqlidir-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Bunlar\u0131 bilm\u0259k maraql\u0131d\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

Metallar\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 olan elementl\u0259rin t\u0259qrib\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 ikisi metaldan ibar\u0259tdir. Onlardan\u00a0 \u0259n \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olunan\u00a0 d\u0259mir, mis v\u0259 al\u00fcminium hesab olunur.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar \u0259n q\u0259dim zamanlardan ba\u015flayaraq metallardan istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Bu metallar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131na d\u0259mir, mis v\u0259 qalay daxildir. Onlardan \u0259m\u0259k al\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 silahlar d\u00fcz\u0259ldilirdi. \u00c7ox erk\u0259n d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259\u015ff olunmu\u015f q\u0131z\u0131l v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n is\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259k \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunurdu.<\/p>\n

B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin\u00a0 tarixind\u0259 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 166.000 ton q\u0131z\u0131l hasil edilmi\u015fdir ki, bu da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259 il\u0259 9 trilyon dollara b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. Aliml\u0259rin s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259,\u00a0 sar\u0131 metal\u0131n 80 %-d\u0259n \u00e7oxu insanlar\u0131n\u00a0 ba\u011f\u0131rsaqlar\u0131nda toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131 bir fakt budur ki, Frans\u0131z kino aktyoru Mi\u015fel Lotito\u00a0 metal yey\u0259n\u00a0 bir insan kimi tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, o\u00a0 \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 9 tona q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif metal yemi\u015fdi.\u00a0 Metallar\u0131n \u00e7oxu \u0259ridil\u0259n\u0259 kimi b\u0259rk, b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 yum\u015faq v\u0259 par\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 olmaqla istiliyi v\u0259 elektriki yax\u015f\u0131 ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r (x\u00fcsusil\u0259 mis v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f).<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n bahal\u0131 metal\u0131 osmium-1870-dir. Onun 1 qram\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259y\u0259ri 200 min dollard\u0131r. \u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 bu metal \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 platinl\u0259 azotun qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131b. Adi halda bu metala rast g\u0259linmir. Rast g\u0259lins\u0259 d\u0259, toz hal\u0131nda olur. O \u0259n bahal\u0131 metal olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00e7ox m\u0259hsuldard\u0131r. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, bu metaldan n\u00fcv\u0259 silahlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, d\u0259rman preparatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si v\u0259 kosmik s\u0259nayed\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilir. Bu metaldan \u00e7ox nadir hallarda zin\u0259t \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131nda da istifad\u0259 olunur. Osmium \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n he\u00e7 biri bu m\u0259hsulun ixrac\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful deyil. Yaln\u0131z Qazax\u0131stan vaxtil\u0259 onun 1 qram\u0131n\u0131 10 min dollara sat\u0131b. Bu g\u00fcn is\u0259 onun sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, qada\u011fan olunub,\u00a0 onu yaln\u0131z \u201cqara bazar\u201dda \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Haz\u0131rda planetd\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metal aliminiumdur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n y\u00fcng\u00fcl metal\u0131 lityumdur. Titan haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n s\u0259rt metal\u0131 hesab olunur.<\/p>\n

Metallar\u00a0 ad\u0259t\u0259n iki qrupa b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr: qara v\u0259 \u0259lvan metallar. Qara metallar d\u0259mir v\u0259 onun \u0259rintil\u0259ri olan polad v\u0259 \u00e7uqundan ibar\u0259tdir. Qalan metallar is\u0259 \u0259lvan metallar qrupunu t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u018flvan metallar \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 y\u00fcng\u00fcl, a\u011f\u0131r, nadir v\u0259 n\u0259cib metallar qrupuna ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Qara metallar \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli mexaniki, texnoloji v\u0259 s. xass\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malikdir. D\u00fcnyada istehsal edil\u0259n materiallar\u0131n \u00fcmumi miqdar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 94%-ni qara metallar t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin xalq t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n texniki s\u0259viyy\u0259si, \u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u0259ridil\u0259n qara metallar\u0131n miqdar\u0131 il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

\u018flvan metallar v\u0259 bunlar\u0131n \u0259rintil\u0259ri \u0259lav\u0259 olaraq bir s\u0131ra x\u00fcsusi xass\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malikdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n: y\u00fcks\u0259k elektrik v\u0259 istilik ke\u00e7iriciliyin\u0259, korroziyaya, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnm\u0259 v\u0259 mexaniki yeyilm\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa malik olmalar\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirl\u0259r. Al\u00fcminium, maqnezium v\u0259 s. kimi y\u00fcng\u00fcl metallar\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131nda yarad\u0131lan \u0259rintil\u0259r y\u00fcng\u00fcl olduqlar\u0131ndan t\u0259yyar\u0259, kosmik g\u0259mil\u0259r, s\u00fcni peykl\u0259r v\u0259 raket istehsal\u0131nda geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259kd\u0259dir.\u00a0 Molibden, volfram, vanadium, titan, niobium, kobalt v\u0259 s. kimi metallardan korroziyaya v\u0259 odadavaml\u0131 olan polad v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi \u0259rinti n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin al\u0131nmas\u0131nda geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilir. N\u0259cib metallar, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n platin, q\u0131z\u0131l, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f saf v\u0259 ya \u0259rintil\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmir.\u00a0 Onlar \u0259sas\u0259n\u00a0 h\u0259ssas, d\u0259qiq v\u0259 paslanmayan cihazlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bakteriyalar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc elmi olaraq s\u00fcbut edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

B\u0259zi metallar yum\u015faqd\u0131r, onlardan laz\u0131m olan m\u0259mulat\u0131 asanl\u0131qla\u00a0 d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259k v\u0259 ya nazik sim \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dig\u0259r metallar is\u0259 k\u00f6vr\u0259k olduqlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 asanl\u0131qla s\u0131n\u0131r, b\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r b\u0259rkdir ki, onlarla i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin olur. Metallar\u0131 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b x\u0259lit\u0259 (\u0259rinti) almaq olar, bel\u0259 x\u0259lit\u0259l\u0259r haz\u0131rland\u0131qlar\u0131 metallardan f\u0259rqli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik olur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, tunc qalay il\u0259 misin x\u0259lit\u0259sidir, amma o, bu metallar\u0131n h\u0259r ikisind\u0259n qat-qat m\u00f6hk\u0259mdir.<\/p>\n

Q\u0131z\u0131l v\u0259 platin kimi nadir metallardan f\u0259rqli olaraq d\u0259mir, al\u00fcminium kimi metallar\u0131n Yerd\u0259 \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtiyatlar\u0131 var. Metallar t\u0259miz halda v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa elementl\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q-mineral halda tap\u0131la bil\u0259rl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, filiz metal\u0131n oksigenl\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Metallar\u00a0 Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 olan elementl\u0259rin t\u0259qrib\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 ikisi metaldan ibar\u0259tdir. Onlardan\u00a0 \u0259n \u00e7ox istifad\u0259 olunan\u00a0 d\u0259mir, mis v\u0259 al\u00fcminium hesab olunur. \u0130nsanlar \u0259n q\u0259dim zamanlardan ba\u015flayaraq metallardan istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Bu metallar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131na d\u0259mir, mis v\u0259 qalay daxildir. Onlardan \u0259m\u0259k al\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 silahlar d\u00fcz\u0259ldilirdi. \u00c7ox erk\u0259n d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259\u015ff olunmu\u015f q\u0131z\u0131l v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n is\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259k \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43650"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43650"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43652,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43650\/revisions\/43652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}