{"id":44869,"date":"2023-06-19T14:06:54","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T10:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/?p=44869"},"modified":"2023-06-19T19:50:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T15:50:08","slug":"tarixd%c9%99-bi-gun-blez-paskal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2023\/06\/19\/tarixd%c9%99-bi-gun-blez-paskal\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarixd\u0259 bu g\u00fcn: Blez Paskal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/2023\/06\/19\/tarixd%c9%99-bi-gun-blez-paskal\/unnamed-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-44873\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-44873\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/unnamed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\"><\/a>Paskal g\u00f6rk\u0259mli frans\u0131z riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, fiziki v\u0259 filosofudur. &nbsp;O, 19 iyun 1623-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Fransan\u0131n Klermon-Ferran \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131 ail\u0259sind\u0259 anadan olub. Paskal atas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 riyazi t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 istedadl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fcruz\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. Riyaziyyata daha \u00e7ox maraq g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n Paskal 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda Konik k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr edilmi\u015f proyektiv h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259nin \u0259sas teoreml\u0259rind\u0259n birini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r \/Paskal teoremi\/. O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn aliml\u0259rinin \u00e7oxu bu g\u0259nc riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bel\u0259 bir \u0259s\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fc yazmas\u0131na inanm\u0131rd\u0131lar. 18 ya\u015f\u0131nda Paskal Blez hesaba aid toplay\u0131c\u0131 ma\u015f\u0131n ixtira edir. &nbsp;20 ya\u015f\u0131 olanda g\u0259nc alimin hesaba, \u0259d\u0259dl\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259, c\u0259br\u0259 &nbsp;v\u0259 ehtimal n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259 aid bir s\u0131ra \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur. O, binom a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda binomial \u0259msallar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 m elementd\u0259n n element olan birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin hesablanmas\u0131 \u00fcsulunu vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p>Paskal atmosfer t\u0259zyiqinin Tori\u00e7elli t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259\u015ff edildiyini e\u015fitdikd\u0259 1644-c\u00fc ild\u0259&nbsp; Tori\u00e7elli t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif mayel\u0259rl\u0259 ( civ\u0259, su, \u00e7ax\u0131r) t\u0259krar etmi\u015f, \u0259lav\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 suallar axtarm\u0259\u015fd\u0131r. Tori\u00e7elli t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sind\u0259ki borunun i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259ki civ\u0259nin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259ki f\u0259za n\u0259 il\u0259 doludur? Borudak\u0131 civ\u0259nin ham\u0131s\u0131 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ana\u011fa t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fcr v\u0259 onu bu s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259 saxlay\u0131r? Hava t\u0259zyiq edirmi, edirs\u0259 bu t\u0259zyiq nec\u0259 verilir? Paskal isbat edtdi ki, Tori\u00e7elli t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si havan\u0131n t\u0259zyiqini do\u011frudan&nbsp; a\u015fkar&nbsp; edib,&nbsp; bu h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir. Boruda civ\u0259nin s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si izah edir ki, t\u0259zyiq havan\u0131n temperaturundan v\u0259 n\u0259mliyind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Paskal bel\u0259 q\u0259rara g\u0259lir ki, atmosfer t\u0259zyiqinin m\u00f6v\u00e7ud oldu\u011funu q\u0259ti isbat etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha bir h\u0259lledici t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 qoymaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.&nbsp; Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 o, Pyui de Dom da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259t\u0259yind\u0259 v\u0259 zirv\u0259sind\u0259 Tori\u00e7elli t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini t\u0259krar edib, h\u0259r&nbsp; iki&nbsp; halda&nbsp; civ\u0259 s\u00fctununun h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc yoxlay\u0131b, f\u0259rqini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259yi q\u0259rara al\u0131r. O, bu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir ki, da\u011f\u0131n zirv\u0259sind\u0259 civ\u0259nin s\u0259viyy\u0259sini \u0259t\u0259yind\u0259kin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu, g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n n\u0259tic\u0259 idi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259 m\u0259lum olur ki, havan\u0131n t\u0259zyiqi&nbsp; da\u011f\u0131n \u0259t\u0259yind\u0259 \u00e7ox, zirv\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 azd\u0131r. Buradan&nbsp; Paskal m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir ki, yuxar\u0131 qalxd\u0131qca havan\u0131n s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azl\u0131r. Paskal bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, borudak\u0131 civ\u0259 atmosfer t\u0259zyiqinin t\u0259siri il\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sini h\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u0259&nbsp; saxlay\u0131r.&nbsp; 1647-ci&nbsp; ild\u0259&nbsp; Paskal&nbsp; \u201c Bo\u015fluqda yeni eksperiment\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rini \u00e7ap el\u0259tdirir.&nbsp; O,&nbsp; g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki,&nbsp; Tori\u00e7elli&nbsp; borusunda&nbsp; civ\u0259nin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259ki f\u0259za n\u0259 hava n\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 madd\u0259 il\u0259 dolu deyil, bo\u015fluqdur. Buradan yeni fiziki anlay\u0131\u015f vakuum a\u00e7kar edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Paskal Blez 1648-c\u00fc ild\u0259 m\u00fcasirl\u0259rini heyr\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n paradoksal bir t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. &nbsp;Su il\u0259 dolu olan \u00e7\u0259ll\u0259y\u0259 nazik uzun boru birl\u0259\u015fdirilir. Borunu bir az su il\u0259 doldurduqda \u00e7\u0259ll\u0259yin divarlar\u0131nda taxtalar birl\u0259\u015f\u0259n yerl\u0259rd\u0259n su&nbsp; vurub axma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Fizika \u00fczr\u0259 Paskal\u0131n \u0259sas t\u0259dqiqat\u0131 hidrostatikaya aid olub.<\/p>\n<p>O,1653-c\u00fc ild\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 qanunu vermi\u015fdir:<br \/>\n\u00abMaye v\u0259 qazlar \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n t\u0259zyiq d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259d\u0259n onlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 verilir\u00bb. Bu qanun Paskal qanunu ad\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur olub hidrostatikan\u0131n \u0259sas qanunlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f qablar qanunu v\u0259 hidravlik presin n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini d\u0259 Paskal vermi\u015fdir.<br \/>\nElmd\u0259ki &nbsp;xidm\u0259tl\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq &nbsp;BS sistemind\u0259 &nbsp;t\u0259zyiq &nbsp;vahidini &nbsp;Paskal\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar.<br \/>\nPaskal havan\u0131n elastikliyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259r\u0259k, isbat etmi\u015fdir ki, havan\u0131n \u00e7\u0259kisi var. O, t\u0259zyiqin havan\u0131n r\u00fctub\u0259tind\u0259n v\u0259 temperaturundan as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu k\u0259\u015ff etmi\u015f v\u0259 bunlardan g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 hava haqq\u0131nda qabaqcadan m\u0259lumat verm\u0259yin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yl\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Blez Paskal v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir, \u0259trafdak\u0131 fiziki d\u00fcnyan\u0131 d\u0259rk ed\u0259n bir ara\u015fd\u0131rma a\u011fl\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, yax\u015f\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n bir ideoloji m\u00f6vqey\u0259 sahib idi. Bioqraflar\u0131, Paskal\u0131n din\u0259 \u00fcz tutmas\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131ndak\u0131 iki d\u00f6vr\u00fc ay\u0131rd edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<p>Eyni zamanda, bu onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya rasionalist yana\u015fmadan uzaqla\u015fmaq dem\u0259k deyildi. B 1645-1658&nbsp;ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck frans\u0131z \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc iki c\u0259r\u0259yan aras\u0131ndak\u0131 teoloji m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 tapd\u0131: Cizvitl\u0259r v\u0259 Jansenitl\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259, Paskal\u0131n ikincinin t\u0259r\u0259fini tutdu\u011fu, Cizvit dogmatik teologiyas\u0131n\u0131 rasionalizm n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259nqid etdiyi &#8220;\u018fyal\u0259tin M\u0259ktublar\u0131&#8221; kimi tan\u0131nan i\u015fi idi. Bu \u0259s\u0259r alimin f\u0259ls\u0259fi fikirl\u0259rinin t\u0259qdimat\u0131ndan \u0259lav\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi bax\u0131mdan da d\u0259y\u0259rlidir. 1650-ci ill\u0259rin sonunda alimin s\u0259hh\u0259ti k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 pisl\u0259\u015fdi. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son ill\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131 \u015fidd\u0259tli ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259skin \u00fcmumi z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131.Buna baxmayaraq, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ixtira\u00e7\u0131 kimi dem\u0259k olar ki, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son g\u00fcnl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ilk ictimai n\u0259qliyyat &#8211; 1662-ci ilin yaz\u0131nda, Paskal\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n alt\u0131 ay \u0259vv\u0259l Parisd\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir omnibus fikri il\u0259 g\u0259ldi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlar qorunur. X\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n www.imm.az sayt\u0131na istinad z\u0259ruridir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paskal g\u00f6rk\u0259mli frans\u0131z riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, fiziki v\u0259 filosofudur. &nbsp;O, 19 iyun 1623-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Fransan\u0131n Klermon-Ferran \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 riyaziyyat\u00e7\u0131 ail\u0259sind\u0259 anadan olub. Paskal atas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 riyazi t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 istedadl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fcruz\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. Riyaziyyata daha \u00e7ox maraq g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n Paskal 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda Konik k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259sr edilmi\u015f proyektiv h\u0259nd\u0259s\u0259nin \u0259sas teoreml\u0259rind\u0259n birini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r \/Paskal teoremi\/. O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44869"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44869"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44876,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44869\/revisions\/44876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.imm.az\/exp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}